| Charles Thomson Rees Wilson |
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| Câmara de Wilson |
| Nascimento | 14 de fevereiro de 1869 Midlothian |
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| Morte | 15 de novembro de 1959 (90 anos) Edimburgo |
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| Sepultamento | Cemetery, St Andrew's Church, Neidpath Road, Peebles |
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| Nacionalidade | escocês |
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| Cidadania | Reino Unido, Reino Unido da Grã-Bretanha e Irlanda |
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| Cônjuge | Jessie Fraser |
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| Alma mater | Universidade de Manchester, Universidade de Cambridge |
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| Ocupação | físico, meteorologista, professor universitário, químico, estudioso |
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| Distinções | Medalha Hughes (1911), Gunning Victoria Jubilee Prize 1916–1920, Medalha Real (1922), Medalha Howard N. Potts (1925), Nobel de Física (1927), Medalha Franklin (1929), Medalha Copley (1935) |
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| Empregador(a) | Laboratório Cavendish, Universidade de Cambridge |
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| Orientador(a)(es/s) | Joseph John Thomson |
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| Instituições | Universidade de Cambridge |
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Charles Thomson Rees Wilson CH FRS (Midlothian, 14 de fevereiro de 1869 — Edimburgo, 15 de novembro de 1959) foi um físico escocês.
Vida e obra
Wilson nasceu na paróquia de Glencorse, Midlothian filho dos agricultor John Wilson e Annie Clerk Harper. Depois que seu pai morreu em 1873, sua família mudou-se para Manchester. Ele foi educado na Faculdade de Owen, estudando a biologia com a intenção de se tornar um médico. Ele então foi para Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, onde ele ficou interessado em física e química.[1]
Recebeu em 1927 o Nobel de Física, pelo seu método de tornar visível as trajetórias de partículas através da condensação do vapor de água (câmara de Wilson).
A importância da câmara atravessou fronteiras. Esta contribuiu para a demonstração da existência do electrão de retrocesso de Compton, a descoberta do positrão de Anderson, a demonstração virtual do processo "criação de pares" e "desintegração" dos electrões e dos positrões de Blackett e Occhialini e a transmutação dis núcleos atômicos de Cockcroft e Walton.
Referências
- Asimov's Biographical Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, Isaac Asimov, 2nd ed., Doubleday & C., Inc., ISBN 0-385-17771-2.
Ligações externas
Medalha Hughes (1902 — 2020) |
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1902: Joseph John Thomson
1903: Johann Wilhelm Hittorf
1904: Joseph Wilson Swan
1905: Augusto Righi
1906: Hertha Marks Ayrton
1907: Ernest Howard Griffiths
1908: Eugen Goldstein
1909: Richard Glazebrook
1910: John Ambrose Fleming
1911: Charles Thomson Rees Wilson
1912: William Duddell
1913: Alexander Graham Bell
1914: John Sealy Townsend
1915: Paul Langevin
1916: Elihu Thomson
1917: Charles Glover Barkla
1918: Irving Langmuir
1919: Charles Chree
1920: Owen Willans Richardson
1921: Niels Bohr
1922: Francis William Aston
1923: Robert Andrews Millikan
1924: —
1925: Frank Edward Smith
1926: Henry Bradwardine Jackson
1927: William David Coolidge
1928: Maurice de Broglie
1929: Hans Geiger
1930: Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman
1931: William Lawrence Bragg
1932: James Chadwick
1933: Edward Appleton
1934: Karl Siegbahn
1935: Clinton Davisson
1936: Walter Hermann Schottky
1937: Ernest Lawrence
1938: John Cockcroft e Ernest Walton
1939: George Paget Thomson
1940: Arthur Holly Compton
1941: Nevill Francis Mott
1942: Enrico Fermi
1943: Marcus Oliphant
1944: George Finch
1945: Basil Schonland
1946: John Randall
1947: Frédéric Joliot-Curie
1948: Robert Watson-Watt
1949: Cecil Powell
1950: Max Born
1951: Hendrik Anthony Kramers
1952: Philip Dee
1953: Edward Bullard
1954: Martin Ryle
1955: Harrie Massey
1956: Frederick Lindemann
1957: Joseph Proudman
1958: Edward Andrade
1959: Brian Pippard
1960: Joseph Pawsey
1961: Alan Cottrell
1962: Brebis Bleaney
1963: Frederic Calland Williams
1964: Abdus Salam
1965: Denys Wilkinson
1966: Nicholas Kemmer
1967: Kurt Mendelssohn
1968: Freeman Dyson
1969: Nicholas Kurti
1970: David Bates
1971: Robert Hanbury Brown
1972: Brian David Josephson
1973: Peter Hirsch
1974: Peter Fowler
1975: Richard Dalitz
1976: Stephen Hawking
1977: Antony Hewish
1978: William Cochran
1979: Robert Williams
1980: Francis Farley
1981: Peter Higgs, Tom Kibble
1982: Drummond Hoyle Matthews e Frederick Vine
1983: John Clive Ward
1984: Roy Kerr
1985: Tony Skyrme
1986: Michael Woolfson
1987: Michael Pepper
1988: Archibald Howie e Michael John Whelan
1989: John Stewart Bell
1990: Thomas George Cowling
1991: Philip Burton Moon
1992: Michael Seaton
1993: George Isaak
1994: Robert G. Chambers
1995: David Shoenberg
1996: Amyand Buckingham
1997: Andrew Lang
1998: Raymond Hide
1999: Alexander Boksenberg
2000: Chintamani Rao
2001: John Pethica
2002: Alexander Dalgarno
2003: Peter Edwards
2004: John Clarke
2005: Keith Moffatt
2006: Michael Kelly
2007: Artur Ekert
2008: Michele Dougherty
2010: Andre Geim
2011: Matthew Rosseinsky
2013: Henning Sirringhaus
2015: George Efstathiou
2017: Peter Bruce
2018: James Durrant
2019: Andrew Cooper
2020: Clare Grey
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1901: William Edward Ayrton e William Thomas Blanford • 1902: Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer e Horace Lamb • 1903: David Gill e Horace Brown • 1904: David Bruce e William Burnside • 1905: Charles Scott Sherrington e John Henry Poynting • 1906: Alfred George Greenhill e Dukinfield Henry Scott • 1907: Ernest William Hobson e Ramsay Heatley Traquair • 1908: Henry Head e John Milne • 1909: Augustus Edward Hough Love e Ronald Ross • 1910: Frederick Orpen Bower e John Joly • 1911: George Chrystal e William Bayliss • 1912: Grafton Elliot Smith e William Mitchinson Hicks • 1913: Ernest Starling e Harold Baily Dixon • 1914: Ernest William Brown e William Johnson Sollas • 1915: Joseph Larmor e William Halse Rivers Rivers • 1916: Hector Munro Macdonald e John Scott Haldane • 1917: Arthur Smith Woodward e John Aitken • 1918: Alfred Fowler e Frederick Gowland Hopkins • 1919: James Hopwood Jeans e John Bretland Farmer • 1920: Godfrey Harold Hardy e William Bateson • 1921: Frank Dyson e Frederick Frost Blackman • 1922: Charles Thomson Rees Wilson e Joseph Barcroft • 1923: Charles James Martin e Napier Shaw • 1924: Dugald Clerk e Henry Dale • 1925: Albert Charles Seward e William Henry Perkin, Jr. • 1926: Archibald Vivian Hill e William Bate Hardy • 1927: John Cunningham McLennan e Thomas Lewis • 1928: Arthur Stanley Eddington e Robert Broom • 1929: John Edensor Littlewood e Robert Muir • 1930: John Edward Marr e Owen Willans Richardson • 1931: Richard Glazebrook e William Henry Lang • 1932: Edward Mellanby e Robert Robinson • 1933: Geoffrey Ingram Taylor e Patrick Laidlaw • 1934: Edgar Douglas Adrian e Sydney Chapman • 1935: Alfred Harker e Charles Galton Darwin • 1936: Edwin Stephen Goodrich e Ralph Howard Fowler • 1937: Arthur Henry Reginald Buller e Nevil Sidgwick • 1938: Francis William Aston e Ronald Fisher • 1939: David Keilin e Paul Dirac • 1940: Francis Marshall e Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett • 1941: Ernest Kennaway e Edward Arthur Milne • 1942: William Whiteman Carlton Topley e Walter Norman Haworth • 1943: Edward Battersby Bailey e Harold Spencer Jones • 1944: Charles Robert Harington e David Brunt • 1945: Edward James Salisbury e John Desmond Bernal • 1946: Cyril Dean Darlington e William Lawrence Bragg • 1947: Frank Burnet e Cyril Norman Hinshelwood • 1948: James Gray e Harold Jeffreys • 1949: Rudolph Peters e George Paget Thomson • 1950: Carl Pantin e Edward Appleton |
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| 1901–1925 | |
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| 1926–1950 | |
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| 1951–1975 | |
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| 1976–2000 |
- 1976: Richter e Ting
- 1977: P. W. Anderson, Mott e Van Vleck
- 1978: Kapitsa, Penzias e Wilson
- 1979: Glashow, Salam e Weinberg
- 1980: Cronin e Fitch
- 1981: Bloembergen, Schawlow e Siegbahn
- 1982: Wilson
- 1983: Chandrasekhar e Fowler
- 1984: Rubbia e Van der Meer
- 1985: Klitzing
- 1986: Ruska, Binnig e Rohrer
- 1987: Bednorz e Müller
- 1988: Lederman, Schwartz e Steinberger
- 1989: Ramsey, Dehmelt e Paul
- 1990: Friedman, Kendall e R. E. Taylor
- 1991: de Gennes
- 1992: Charpak, Hulse e J. H. Taylor
- 1993: Brockhouse e Shull
- 1994: Perl e Reines
- 1995: D. Lee, Osheroff e R. Richardson
- 1996: Chu, Cohen-Tannoudji e Phillips
- 1997: Laughlin, Störmer e Tsui
- 1998: Hooft e Veltman
- 1999: Alferov, Kroemer e Kilby
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| 2001–2024 |
- 2001: Cornell, Wieman e Ketterle
- 2002: Davis, Koshiba e Giacconi
- 2003: Abrikosov, Ginzburg e Leggett
- 2004: Gross, Politzer e Wilczek
- 2005: Glauber|, Hall e Hänsch
- 2006: Mather e Smoot
- 2007: Fert e Grünberg
- 2008: Nambu, Kobayashi e Masukawa
- 2009: Kao, Boyle e G. Smith
- 2010: Geim e Novoselov
- 2011: Perlmutter, Riess e Schmidt
- 2012: Haroche e Wineland
- 2013: Englert e Higgs
- 2014: Akasaki, Amano e Nakamura
- 2015: Kajita e McDonald
- 2016: Haldane, Thouless e Kosterlitz
- 2017: Weiss, Barish e Thorne
- 2018: Ashkin, Mourou e Strickland
- 2019: Peebles, Mayor e Queloz
- 2020: Penrose, Genzel e Ghez
- 2021: Manabe, Hasselmann e Parisi
- 2022: Aspect, Clauser e Zeilinger
- 2023: Agostini, Krausz e L'Huillier
- 2024: Hopfield e Hinton
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Medalha Franklin (1915–1997) |
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- 1915: Thomas Edison, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes
- 1916: John Joseph Carty, Theodore William Richards
- 1917: Hendrik Lorentz, David Watson Taylor
- 1918: Guglielmo Marconi, Thomas Corwin Mendenhall
- 1919: James Dewar, George Owen Squier
- 1920: Svante Arrhenius, Charles Algernon Parsons
- 1921: Charles Fabry, Frank Julian Sprague
- 1922: Ralph Modjeski, Joseph John Thomson
- 1923: Gustave-Auguste Ferrié, Albert Abraham Michelson
- 1924: Ernest Rutherford, Edward Weston
- 1925: Elihu Thomson, Pieter Zeeman
- 1926: Niels Bohr, Samuel Rea
- 1927: George Ellery Hale, Max Planck
- 1928: Charles Francis Brush, Walther Nernst
- 1929: Emil Berliner, Charles Thomson Rees Wilson
- 1930: William Henry Bragg, John Frank Stevens
- 1931: James Hopwood Jeans, Willis Rodney Whitney
- 1932: Philipp Lenard, Ambrose Swasey
- 1933: Paul Sabatier, Irmãos Wright
- 1934: Irving Langmuir, Henry Norris Russell
- 1935: Albert Einstein, John Ambrose Fleming
- 1936: Frank Baldwin Jewett, Charles Kettering
- 1937: Peter Debye, Robert Andrews Millikan
- 1938: William Frederick Durand, Charles August Kraus
- 1939: Edwin Powell Hubble, Albert Sauveur
- 1940: Leo Baekeland, Arthur Holly Compton
- 1941: Edwin Armstrong, Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman
- 1942: Jerome Clarke Hunsaker, Paul Dyer Merica
- 1943: George Washington Pierce, Harold Clayton Urey
- 1944: William David Coolidge, Pyotr Kapitsa
- 1945: Harlow Shapley
- 1946: Henry Clapp Sherman, Henry Tizard
- 1947: Enrico Fermi, Robert Robinson
- 1948: Wendell Meredith Stanley, Theodore von Kármán
- 1949: Theodor Svedberg
- 1950: Eugene Paul Wigner
- 1951: James Chadwick
- 1952: Wolfgang Pauli
- 1953: William Francis Gibbs
- 1954: Charles Edward Kenneth Mees
- 1955: Arne Tiselius
- 1956: Frank Whittle
- 1957: Hugh Stott Taylor
- 1958: Donald Wills Douglas
- 1959: Hans Bethe
- 1960: Roger Adams
- 1961: Detlev Bronk
- 1962: Geoffrey Ingram Taylor
- 1963: Glenn Theodore Seaborg
- 1964: Gregory Breit
- 1965: Frederick Seitz
- 1966: Britton Chance
- 1967: Murray Gell-Mann
- 1968: Marshall Nirenberg
- 1969: John Archibald Wheeler
- 1970: Wolfgang Panofsky
- 1971: Hannes Alfvén
- 1972: George Kistiakowsky
- 1973: Theodosius Dobzhansky
- 1974: Nikolai Bogoliubov
- 1975: John Bardeen
- 1976: Mahlon Hoagland
- 1977: Cyril Manton Harris
- 1978: Elias James Corey
- 1979: George Evelyn Hutchinson
- 1980: Avram Goldstein, Lyman Spitzer
- 1981: Stephen Hawking
- 1982: César Milstein, Kenneth Wilson
- 1984: Verner Suomi
- 1985: George Claude Pimentel
- 1986: Benoît Mandelbrot
- 1987: Stanley Cohen
- 1988: Donald Knuth
- 1990: Hugh Huxley, David Turnbull
- 1992: Frederick Reines
- 1995: Gerardus 't Hooft
- 1996: Richard Smalley
- 1997: Mario Capecchi
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