| Hannes Alfvén |
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| Nascimento | Hannes Olof Gösta Alfvén 30 de maio de 1908 Norrköping |
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| Morte | 2 de abril de 1995 (86 anos) Djursholm |
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| Sepultamento | Djursholms Begravningsplats |
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| Cidadania | Suécia |
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| Progenitores | - Johannes Alfvén
- Anna-Clara Romanus-Alfvén
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| Cônjuge | Kerstin Alfvén |
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| Filho(a)(s) | Inger Alfvén, Gösta Alfvén |
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| Alma mater | Universidade de Uppsala |
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| Ocupação | físico, astrônomo, astrofísico, professor universitário, engenheiro eletrotécnico, escritor de ficção científica |
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| Distinções |
- Medalha de Ouro da RAS (1967)
Nobel de Física (1970)
- Medalha de Ouro Lomonossov (1971)
- Medalha Franklin (1971)
- Medalha Dirac (UNSW) (1979)
- Medalha William Bowie (1988)
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| Empregador(a) | Instituto Real de Tecnologia, Universidade de Uppsala, Universidade da Califórnia em San Diego |
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| Orientador(a)(es/s) | Karl Siegbahn e Carl Wilhelm Oseen |
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| Instituições | Universidade de Uppsala, Nobel Institute for Physics, Instituto Real de Tecnologia, Universidade da Califórnia em San Diego, Universidade de Maryland, Universidade do Sul da Califórnia |
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| Obras destacadas | The Great Computer. A Vision, The End of Man? |
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| Religião | ateísmo |
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Hannes Olof Gösta Alfvén (Norrköping, 30 de maio de 1908 — Djursholm, 2 de abril de 1995) foi um físico sueco.
Carreira
Ele descreveu a classe de ondas MHD agora conhecidas como ondas Alfvén. Ele foi originalmente treinado como engenheiro de energia elétrica e mais tarde mudou-se para pesquisa e ensino nas áreas de física de plasma e engenharia elétrica. Alfvén fez muitas contribuições para a física do plasma, incluindo teorias que descrevem o comportamento das auroras, os cinturões de radiação de Van Allen, o efeito das tempestades magnéticas no campo magnético da Terra, a magnetosfera terrestre e a dinâmica dos plasmas na Via Láctea.
Foi laureado com o Nobel de Física de 1970, por trabalhos fundamentais e descobertas na magnetoidrodinâmica e suas várias aplicações na física de plasma.
O asteroide 1778 Alfven foi assim nomeado em sua homenagem.[1][2]
Bibliografia selecionada
Para lista completa de publicações, consulte.
- Livros
- Cosmical Electrodynamics, International Series of Monographs on Physics, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1950. (See also 2nd Ed. 1963, co-authored with Carl-Gunne Fälthammar.)
- Worlds-Antiworlds: Antimatter in Cosmology (1966).
- The Great Computer: A Vision (1968) (a political-scientific satire under the pen name Olof Johannesson; publ. Gollancz, ISBN 0-575-00059-7).
- Atom, Man, and the Universe: A Long Chain of Complications, W.H. Freeman and Company, 1969.
- Living on the Third Planet, authored with Kerstin Alfvén, W.H. Freeman and Company, 1972. ISBN 0-7167-0340-8.
- Cosmic Plasma, Astrophysics and Space Science Library, Vol. 82 (1981) Springer Verlag. ISBN 90-277-1151-8
- Schröder, Wilfried, and Hans Jürgen Treder. 2007. Theoretical physics and geophysics: Recollections of Hans-Jürgen Treder (1928–2006). Potsdam: Science Editions.
- Artigos
Homenagens
- 1967 - Medalha de Ouro da Royal Astronomical Society[3]
- 1970 - Nobel de Física[4]
- 1971 - Medalha de Ouro Lomonossov[5]
- 1971 - Medalha Franklin[6]
- 1979 - Medalha Dirac (UNSW)
- 1988 - Medalha William Bowie[7]
Ver também
- Magnetoidrodinâmica
- Teoria semiótica da complexidade
- Prêmio Hannes Alfvén
Referências
Ligações externas
Medalha de Ouro da Royal Astronomical Society (1824 – 2024) |
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| Século XIX | | Década de 1820 |
- 1824: Charles Babbage, Johann Franz Encke
- 1826: John Herschel, James South, Wilhelm Struve
- 1827: Francis Baily
- 1828: Thomas Brisbane, James Dunlop, Caroline Herschel
- 1829: William Pearson, Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel, Heinrich Christian Schumacher
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| Década de 1830 |
- 1830: William Richardson, Johann Franz Encke
- 1831: Henry Kater, Marie-Charles Damoiseau
- 1833: George Biddell Airy
- 1835: Manuel John Johnson
- 1836: John Herschel
- 1837: Otto August Rosenberger
- 1839: John Wrottesley
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| Década de 1840 |
- 1840: Giovanni Plana
- 1841: Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel
- 1842: Peter Andreas Hansen
- 1843: Francis Baily
- 1845: William Henry Smyth
- 1846: George Biddell Airy
- 1849: William Lassell
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| Década de 1850 |
- 1850: Otto Wilhelm von Struve
- 1851: Annibale de Gasparis
- 1852: Christian August Friedrich Peters
- 1853: John Russell Hind
- 1854: Karl Rümker
- 1855: William Rutter Dawes
- 1856: Robert Grant
- 1857: Samuel Heinrich Schwabe
- 1858: Robert Main
- 1859: Richard Christopher Carrington
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| Década de 1860 |
- 1860: Peter Andreas Hansen
- 1861: Hermann Mayer Salomon Goldschmidt
- 1862: Warren De La Rue
- 1863: Friedrich Wilhelm August Argelander
- 1865: George Phillips Bond
- 1866: John Couch Adams
- 1867: William Huggins, William Allen Miller
- 1868: Urbain Le Verrier
- 1869: Edward James Stone
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| Década de 1870 |
- 1870: Charles-Eugène Delaunay
- 1872: Giovanni Schiaparelli
- 1874: Simon Newcomb
- 1875: Heinrich Louis d'Arrest
- 1876: Urbain Le Verrier
- 1878: Ercole Dembowski
- 1879: Asaph Hall
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| Década de 1880 |
- 1881: Axel Möller
- 1882: David Gill
- 1883: Benjamin Apthorp Gould
- 1884: Andrew Ainslie Common
- 1885: William Huggins
- 1886: Edward Charles Pickering, Charles Pritchard
- 1887: George William Hill
- 1888: Arthur Auwers
- 1889: Maurice Loewy
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| Década de 1890 |
- 1892: George Darwin
- 1893: Hermann Carl Vogel
- 1894: Sherburne Wesley Burnham
- 1895: Isaac Roberts
- 1896: Seth Carlo Chandler
- 1897: Edward Barnard
- 1898: William Frederick Denning
- 1899: Frank McClean
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| Medalha de Prata |
- 1824: Karl Rümker, Jean-Louis Pons
- 1827 William Samuel Stratford, Mark Beaufoy
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Medalha de Reconhecimento |
- 1848: George Biddell Airy
- John Couch Adams
- Friedrich Wilhelm August Argelander
- George Bishop
- George Everest
- John Herschel
- Peter Andreas Hansen
- Karl Ludwig Hencke
- John Russell Hind
- Urbain Le Verrier
- John William Lubbock
- Maximilian von Weiße
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| Século XX | | Década de 1900 |
- 1900: Henri Poincaré
- 1901: Edward Charles Pickering
- 1902: Jacobus Kapteyn
- 1903: Hermann Struve
- 1904: George Ellery Hale
- 1905: Lewis Boss
- 1906: William Wallace Campbell
- 1907: Ernest William Brown
- 1908: David Gill
- 1909: Oskar Backlund
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| Década de 1910 |
- 1910: Karl Friedrich Küstner
- 1911: Philip Herbert Cowell
- 1912: Arthur Robert Hinks
- 1913: Henri-Alexandre Deslandres
- 1914: Max Wolf
- 1915: Alfred Fowler
- 1916: John Dreyer
- 1917: Walter Sydney Adams
- 1918: John Evershed
- 1919: Guillaume Bigourdan
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| Década de 1920 | |
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| Década de 1930 |
- 1930: John Stanley Plaskett
- 1931: Willem de Sitter
- 1932: Robert Grant Aitken
- 1933: Vesto M. Slipher
- 1934: Harlow Shapley
- 1935: Edward Arthur Milne
- 1936: Hisashi Kimura
- 1937: Harold Jeffreys
- 1938: William Hammond Wright
- 1939: Bernard Lyot
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| Década de 1940 |
- 1940: Edwin Powell Hubble
- 1943: Harold Spencer Jones
- 1944: Otto Struve
- 1945: Bengt Edlén
- 1946: Jan Oort
- 1947: Marcel Minnaert
- 1948: Bertil Lindblad
- 1949: Sydney Chapman
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| Década de 1950 |
- 1950: Joel Stebbins
- 1951: Anton Pannekoek
- 1952: John Jackson
- 1953: Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
- 1954: Walter Baade
- 1955: Dirk Brouwer
- 1956: Thomas George Cowling
- 1957: Albrecht Unsöld
- 1958: André-Louis Danjon
- 1959: Raymond Lyttleton
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| Década de 1960 |
- 1960: Viktor Ambartsumian
- 1961: Herman Zanstra
- 1962: Bengt Strömgren
- 1963: Harry Hemley Plaskett
- 1964: Martin Ryle, William Maurice Ewing
- 1965: Edward Bullard, Gerald Maurice Clemence
- 1966: Ira Sprague Bowen, Harold Clayton Urey
- 1967: Hannes Alfvén, Allan Rex Sandage
- 1968: Fred Hoyle, Walter Munk
- 1969: Albert Thomas Price, Martin Schwarzschild
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| Década de 1970 |
- 1970: Horace Welcome Babcock
- 1971: Frank Press, Richard van der Riet Woolley
- 1972: Hal Thirlaway, Fritz Zwicky
- 1973: Francis Birch, Edwin E. Salpeter
- 1974: Ludwig Biermann, Keith Edward Bullen
- 1975: Jesse Leonard Greenstein, Ernst Öpik
- 1976: William McCrea, John Ashworth Ratcliffe
- 1977: David Bates, John Gatenby Bolton
- 1978: Lyman Spitzer, James Van Allen
- 1979: Leon Knopoff, Charles Gorrie Wynne
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| Década de 1980 |
- 1980: Chaim Leib Pekeris, Maarten Schmidt
- 1981: James Freeman Gilbert, Bernard Lovell
- 1982: Riccardo Giacconi, Harrie Massey
- 1983: Michael Seaton, Fred L. Whipple
- 1984: Keith Runcorn, Jakov Seldovich
- 1985: Thomas Gold, Stephen Hawking
- 1986: George Edward Backus, Alexander Dalgarno
- 1987: Takeshi Nagata, Martin Rees
- 1988: Don Lynn Anderson, Cornelis de Jager
- 1989: Raymond Hide, Ken Pounds
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| Década de 1990 |
- 1990: James Dungey, Bernard Pagel
- 1991: Vitaly Ginzburg, Gerald Joseph Wasserburg
- 1992: Dan Peter McKenzie, Eugene Parker
- 1993: Peter Goldreich, Donald Lynden-Bell
- 1994: James Gunn, Thomas Reeve Kaiser
- 1995: John Houghton, Rashid Sunyaev
- 1996: Kenneth Creer, Vera Rubin
- 1997: Donald Farley, Donald Edward Osterbrock
- 1998: Robert Ladislav Parker, James Peebles
- 1999: Kenneth Budden, Bohdan Paczyński
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| Século XXI | | Década de 2000 |
- 2000: Leon Lucy, Robert Hutchison
- 2001: Hermann Bondi, Henry Rishbeth
- 2002: Leon Mestel, John Arthur Jacobs
- 2003: John Norris Bahcall, David Gubbins
- 2004: Jeremiah Paul Ostriker, Grenville Turner
- 2005: Margaret Burbidge, Geoffrey Burbidge, Carole Jordan
- 2006: Simon White, Stanley William Herbert Cowley
- 2007: Leonard Culhane, Nigel Weiss
- 2008: Joseph Silk, Brian Kennett
- 2009: David Williams, Eric Priest
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| Década de 2010 |
- 2010: Douglas Gough, John Woodhouse
- 2011: Richard Salisbury Ellis, Eberhard Grün
- 2012: Andrew Fabian, John Campbell Brown
- 2013: Roger Blandford, Chris Chapman
- 2014: Carlos Frenk, John Zarnecki
- 2015: Michel Mayor
- 2016: John David Barrow, Philip England
- 2017: Nicholas Kaiser, Michele Dougherty
- 2018: James Hough, Robert White
- 2019: Robert Kennicutt, Margaret Kivelson
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| Década de 2020 |
- 2020: Sandra Faber, Yvonne Elsworth
- 2021: Jocelyn Bell Burnell, Thorne Lay
- 2022: George Efstathiou, Richard B. Horne
- 2023: John Andrew Peacock, Tim Palmer
- 2024: Gilles Chabrier, John-Michael Kendall
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| 1901–1925 | |
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| 1926–1950 | |
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| 1951–1975 | |
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| 1976–2000 |
- 1976: Richter e Ting
- 1977: P. W. Anderson, Mott e Van Vleck
- 1978: Kapitsa, Penzias e Wilson
- 1979: Glashow, Salam e Weinberg
- 1980: Cronin e Fitch
- 1981: Bloembergen, Schawlow e Siegbahn
- 1982: Wilson
- 1983: Chandrasekhar e Fowler
- 1984: Rubbia e Van der Meer
- 1985: Klitzing
- 1986: Ruska, Binnig e Rohrer
- 1987: Bednorz e Müller
- 1988: Lederman, Schwartz e Steinberger
- 1989: Ramsey, Dehmelt e Paul
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- 1991: de Gennes
- 1992: Charpak, Hulse e J. H. Taylor
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- 1997: Laughlin, Störmer e Tsui
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| 2001–2024 |
- 2001: Cornell, Wieman e Ketterle
- 2002: Davis, Koshiba e Giacconi
- 2003: Abrikosov, Ginzburg e Leggett
- 2004: Gross, Politzer e Wilczek
- 2005: Glauber|, Hall e Hänsch
- 2006: Mather e Smoot
- 2007: Fert e Grünberg
- 2008: Nambu, Kobayashi e Masukawa
- 2009: Kao, Boyle e G. Smith
- 2010: Geim e Novoselov
- 2011: Perlmutter, Riess e Schmidt
- 2012: Haroche e Wineland
- 2013: Englert e Higgs
- 2014: Akasaki, Amano e Nakamura
- 2015: Kajita e McDonald
- 2016: Haldane, Thouless e Kosterlitz
- 2017: Weiss, Barish e Thorne
- 2018: Ashkin, Mourou e Strickland
- 2019: Peebles, Mayor e Queloz
- 2020: Penrose, Genzel e Ghez
- 2021: Manabe, Hasselmann e Parisi
- 2022: Aspect, Clauser e Zeilinger
- 2023: Agostini, Krausz e L'Huillier
- 2024: Hopfield e Hinton
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Medalha Franklin (1915–1997) |
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- 1915: Thomas Edison, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes
- 1916: John Joseph Carty, Theodore William Richards
- 1917: Hendrik Lorentz, David Watson Taylor
- 1918: Guglielmo Marconi, Thomas Corwin Mendenhall
- 1919: James Dewar, George Owen Squier
- 1920: Svante Arrhenius, Charles Algernon Parsons
- 1921: Charles Fabry, Frank Julian Sprague
- 1922: Ralph Modjeski, Joseph John Thomson
- 1923: Gustave-Auguste Ferrié, Albert Abraham Michelson
- 1924: Ernest Rutherford, Edward Weston
- 1925: Elihu Thomson, Pieter Zeeman
- 1926: Niels Bohr, Samuel Rea
- 1927: George Ellery Hale, Max Planck
- 1928: Charles Francis Brush, Walther Nernst
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- 1935: Albert Einstein, John Ambrose Fleming
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- 1947: Enrico Fermi, Robert Robinson
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- 1952: Wolfgang Pauli
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- 1965: Frederick Seitz
- 1966: Britton Chance
- 1967: Murray Gell-Mann
- 1968: Marshall Nirenberg
- 1969: John Archibald Wheeler
- 1970: Wolfgang Panofsky
- 1971: Hannes Alfvén
- 1972: George Kistiakowsky
- 1973: Theodosius Dobzhansky
- 1974: Nikolai Bogoliubov
- 1975: John Bardeen
- 1976: Mahlon Hoagland
- 1977: Cyril Manton Harris
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- 1979: George Evelyn Hutchinson
- 1980: Avram Goldstein, Lyman Spitzer
- 1981: Stephen Hawking
- 1982: César Milstein, Kenneth Wilson
- 1984: Verner Suomi
- 1985: George Claude Pimentel
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- 1988: Donald Knuth
- 1990: Hugh Huxley, David Turnbull
- 1992: Frederick Reines
- 1995: Gerardus 't Hooft
- 1996: Richard Smalley
- 1997: Mario Capecchi
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