| William Henry Bragg |
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| Nascimento | William Henry Bragg 2 de julho de 1862 Wigton |
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| Morte | 12 de março de 1942 (79 anos) Londres |
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| Residência | Austrália |
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| Nacionalidade | britânico |
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| Cidadania | Reino Unido |
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| Cônjuge | Gwendoline Todd |
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| Filho(a)(s) | William Lawrence Bragg, 2nd Lieut. Robert Charles Bragg |
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| Alma mater | Universidade de Cambridge |
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| Ocupação | físico, químico, Jogador de lacrosse, professor universitário, matemático, cristalógrafo, Vencedor do Prêmio Nobel |
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| Distinções | Nobel de Física (1915), Medalha Matteucci (1915), Medalha Rumford (1916), Medalha Franklin (1930), Medalha Copley (1930), Medalha Faraday (1936), Prêmio John J. Carty (1939) |
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| Empregador(a) | Universidade de Leeds, University College London, Universidade de Adelaide |
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| Orientador(a)(es/s) | Joseph John Thomson |
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| Instituições | Universidade de Adelaide, Universidade de Leeds, University College London, Royal Institution |
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| Obras destacadas | Difração de raios X |
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William Henry Bragg, KBE, OM, PhD, PRS[1] (Wigton, Cumberland, 2 de julho de 1862 — Londres, 12 de março de 1942) foi um físico e químico britânico.
Em 1915 recebeu com seu filho, William Lawrence Bragg, o Nobel de Física por trabalhos de análise da estrutura cristalina através da difração de raios-X.
Biografia
O campo de pesquisa de Bragg eram os raios X. Junto com seu filho, William Lawrence Bragg, criou o primeiro espectroscópio de raios X, dando lugar a uma nova ciência para o estudo da estrutura cristalina; em 1913 eles enunciaram a Lei de Bragg, que permite determinar a posição dos átomos em uma rede cristalina estudando a difração de raios X. Por esses estudos, pai e filho receberam o Prêmio Nobel de Física em 1915.[2]
Nesse mesmo ano tornou-se professor de física na University College London, mas não começou a lecionar antes do final da Grande Guerra. Após a guerra, ele continuou seus estudos de análise de cristais.
Publicações
- William Henry Bragg, William Lawrence Bragg, "X Rays and Crystal Structure", G. Bell & Son, Londres, 1915.
- William Henry Bragg, The World of Sound (1920)
- William Henry Bragg, The Crystalline State – The Romanes Lecture for 1925. Oxford, 1925.
- William Henry Bragg, Concerning the Nature of Things (1925)
- William Henry Bragg, Old Trades and New Knowledge (1926)
- William Henry Bragg, An Introduction to Crystal Analysis (1928)
- William Henry Bragg, The Universe of Light (1933)
Referências
Ligações externas
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| 1901–1925 | |
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| 1926–1950 | |
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| 1951–1975 | |
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| 1976–2000 |
- 1976: Richter e Ting
- 1977: P. W. Anderson, Mott e Van Vleck
- 1978: Kapitsa, Penzias e Wilson
- 1979: Glashow, Salam e Weinberg
- 1980: Cronin e Fitch
- 1981: Bloembergen, Schawlow e Siegbahn
- 1982: Wilson
- 1983: Chandrasekhar e Fowler
- 1984: Rubbia e Van der Meer
- 1985: Klitzing
- 1986: Ruska, Binnig e Rohrer
- 1987: Bednorz e Müller
- 1988: Lederman, Schwartz e Steinberger
- 1989: Ramsey, Dehmelt e Paul
- 1990: Friedman, Kendall e R. E. Taylor
- 1991: de Gennes
- 1992: Charpak, Hulse e J. H. Taylor
- 1993: Brockhouse e Shull
- 1994: Perl e Reines
- 1995: D. Lee, Osheroff e R. Richardson
- 1996: Chu, Cohen-Tannoudji e Phillips
- 1997: Laughlin, Störmer e Tsui
- 1998: Hooft e Veltman
- 1999: Alferov, Kroemer e Kilby
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| 2001–2024 |
- 2001: Cornell, Wieman e Ketterle
- 2002: Davis, Koshiba e Giacconi
- 2003: Abrikosov, Ginzburg e Leggett
- 2004: Gross, Politzer e Wilczek
- 2005: Glauber|, Hall e Hänsch
- 2006: Mather e Smoot
- 2007: Fert e Grünberg
- 2008: Nambu, Kobayashi e Masukawa
- 2009: Kao, Boyle e G. Smith
- 2010: Geim e Novoselov
- 2011: Perlmutter, Riess e Schmidt
- 2012: Haroche e Wineland
- 2013: Englert e Higgs
- 2014: Akasaki, Amano e Nakamura
- 2015: Kajita e McDonald
- 2016: Haldane, Thouless e Kosterlitz
- 2017: Weiss, Barish e Thorne
- 2018: Ashkin, Mourou e Strickland
- 2019: Peebles, Mayor e Queloz
- 2020: Penrose, Genzel e Ghez
- 2021: Manabe, Hasselmann e Parisi
- 2022: Aspect, Clauser e Zeilinger
- 2023: Agostini, Krausz e L'Huillier
- 2024: Hopfield e Hinton
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Medalha Rumford (1800 — 2021) |
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| 1800—1848 | |
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| 1850—1898 | |
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| 1900—1948 | |
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| 1950—1998 | |
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| 2000—2019 | |
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Medalha Copley. Laureados (1901–1950) |
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- Lista Completa
- (1731–1750)
- (1751–1800)
- (1801–1850)
- (1851–1900)
- (1951–2000)
- (2001–2026)
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Medalha Franklin (1915–1997) |
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- 1915: Thomas Edison, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes
- 1916: John Joseph Carty, Theodore William Richards
- 1917: Hendrik Lorentz, David Watson Taylor
- 1918: Guglielmo Marconi, Thomas Corwin Mendenhall
- 1919: James Dewar, George Owen Squier
- 1920: Svante Arrhenius, Charles Algernon Parsons
- 1921: Charles Fabry, Frank Julian Sprague
- 1922: Ralph Modjeski, Joseph John Thomson
- 1923: Gustave-Auguste Ferrié, Albert Abraham Michelson
- 1924: Ernest Rutherford, Edward Weston
- 1925: Elihu Thomson, Pieter Zeeman
- 1926: Niels Bohr, Samuel Rea
- 1927: George Ellery Hale, Max Planck
- 1928: Charles Francis Brush, Walther Nernst
- 1929: Emil Berliner, Charles Thomson Rees Wilson
- 1930: William Henry Bragg, John Frank Stevens
- 1931: James Hopwood Jeans, Willis Rodney Whitney
- 1932: Philipp Lenard, Ambrose Swasey
- 1933: Paul Sabatier, Irmãos Wright
- 1934: Irving Langmuir, Henry Norris Russell
- 1935: Albert Einstein, John Ambrose Fleming
- 1936: Frank Baldwin Jewett, Charles Kettering
- 1937: Peter Debye, Robert Andrews Millikan
- 1938: William Frederick Durand, Charles August Kraus
- 1939: Edwin Powell Hubble, Albert Sauveur
- 1940: Leo Baekeland, Arthur Holly Compton
- 1941: Edwin Armstrong, Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman
- 1942: Jerome Clarke Hunsaker, Paul Dyer Merica
- 1943: George Washington Pierce, Harold Clayton Urey
- 1944: William David Coolidge, Pyotr Kapitsa
- 1945: Harlow Shapley
- 1946: Henry Clapp Sherman, Henry Tizard
- 1947: Enrico Fermi, Robert Robinson
- 1948: Wendell Meredith Stanley, Theodore von Kármán
- 1949: Theodor Svedberg
- 1950: Eugene Paul Wigner
- 1951: James Chadwick
- 1952: Wolfgang Pauli
- 1953: William Francis Gibbs
- 1954: Charles Edward Kenneth Mees
- 1955: Arne Tiselius
- 1956: Frank Whittle
- 1957: Hugh Stott Taylor
- 1958: Donald Wills Douglas
- 1959: Hans Bethe
- 1960: Roger Adams
- 1961: Detlev Bronk
- 1962: Geoffrey Ingram Taylor
- 1963: Glenn Theodore Seaborg
- 1964: Gregory Breit
- 1965: Frederick Seitz
- 1966: Britton Chance
- 1967: Murray Gell-Mann
- 1968: Marshall Nirenberg
- 1969: John Archibald Wheeler
- 1970: Wolfgang Panofsky
- 1971: Hannes Alfvén
- 1972: George Kistiakowsky
- 1973: Theodosius Dobzhansky
- 1974: Nikolai Bogoliubov
- 1975: John Bardeen
- 1976: Mahlon Hoagland
- 1977: Cyril Manton Harris
- 1978: Elias James Corey
- 1979: George Evelyn Hutchinson
- 1980: Avram Goldstein, Lyman Spitzer
- 1981: Stephen Hawking
- 1982: César Milstein, Kenneth Wilson
- 1984: Verner Suomi
- 1985: George Claude Pimentel
- 1986: Benoît Mandelbrot
- 1987: Stanley Cohen
- 1988: Donald Knuth
- 1990: Hugh Huxley, David Turnbull
- 1992: Frederick Reines
- 1995: Gerardus 't Hooft
- 1996: Richard Smalley
- 1997: Mario Capecchi
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Presidentes da Royal Society |
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| Século XVII |
- 1660–1662: Robert Moray
- 1662–1677: William Brouncker
- 1677–1680: Joseph Williamson
- 1680–1682: Christopher Wren
- 1682–1683: John Hoskins
- 1683–1684: Cyril Wyche
- 1684–1686: Samuel Pepys
- 1686–1689: John Vaughan
- 1689–1690: Thomas Herbert
- 1690–1695: Robert Southwell
- 1695–1698: Charles Montagu
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| Século XVIII |
- 1698–1703: John Somers
- 1703–1727: Isaac Newton
- 1727–1741: Hans Sloane
- 1741–1752: Martin Folkes
- 1752–1764: George Parker
- 1764–1768: James Douglas
- 1768: James Burrow
- 1768–1772: James West
- 1772: James Burrow
- 1772–1778: John Pringle
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| Século XIX |
- 1778–1820: Joseph Banks
- 1820: William Hyde Wollaston
- 1820–1827: Humphry Davy
- 1827–1830: Davies Gilbert
- 1830–1838: Augustus Frederick
- 1838–1848: Joshua Alwyne Compton
- 1848–1854: William Parsons
- 1854–1858: John Wrottesley
- 1858–1861: Benjamin Collins Brodie
- 1861–1871: Edward Sabine
- 1871–1873: George Biddell Airy
- 1873–1878: Joseph Dalton Hooker
- 1878–1883: William Spottiswoode
- 1883–1885: Thomas Henry Huxley
- 1885–1890: George Gabriel Stokes
- 1890–1895: William Thomson
- 1895–1900: Joseph Lister
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| Século XX | |
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| Século XXI |
- 2000–2005: Robert May
- 2005–2010: Martin Rees
- 2010–2015: Paul Nurse
- 2015–2020: Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
- 2020–: Adrian Smith
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Medalha Faraday |
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1922: Oliver Heaviside ·
1923: Charles Algernon Parsons ·
1924: Sebastian Ziani de Ferranti ·
1925: Joseph John Thomson ·
1926: Rookes Evelyn Bell Crompton ·
1927: Elihu Thomson ·
1928: John Ambrose Fleming ·
1929: Guido Semenza ·
1930: Ernest Rutherford ·
1931: Charles Hesterman Merz ·
1932: Oliver Lodge ·
1934: Frank Edward Smith ·
1935: Frank Baldwin Jewett ·
1936: William Henry Bragg ·
1937: André Blondel ·
1938: John Snell ·
1939: William David Coolidge ·
1940: Alexander Russell ·
1941: Arthur Percy Morris Fleming ·
1942: Pyotr Kapitsa ·
1943: Archibald Page ·
1944: Irving Langmuir ·
1945: Clifford Paterson ·
1946: Edward Appleton ·
1947: Leonard Pearce ·
1948: Marcus Oliphant ·
1949: Charles Samuel Franklin ·
1950: James Chadwick ·
1951: Thomas Eckersley ·
1952: Ernest Lawrence ·
1953: A. Stanley Angwin ·
1954: Isaac Shoenberg ·
1955: John Cockcroft ·
1956: G. W. O. Howe ·
1957: Waldemar Borgquist ·
1958: Gordon Radley ·
1959: Luigi Emmannueli ·
1960: George Paget Thomson ·
1961: Julius Adams Stratton ·
1962: Basil Schonland ·
1963: P. M. J. Ailleret ·
1964: Joseph Ronald Mortlock ·
1965: Vladimir Zworykin ·
1966: John Ashworth Ratcliffe ·
1967: Harold Barlow ·
1968: Leslie Herbert Bedford ·
1969: Phillip Sporn ·
1970: Charles William Oatley ·
1971: Martin Ryle ·
1972: Frederic Calland Williams ·
1973: Nevill Francis Mott ·
1974: G. Millington ·
1975: John Millar Meek ·
1976: Thomas O. Paine ·
1977: John Adams ·
1978: E. Friedlander ·
1979: Robert Noyce ·
1980: Eric Ash ·
1981: Maurice Vincent Wilkes ·
1982: Brian David Josephson ·
1983: W. A. Gambling ·
1984: Alexander Lamb Cullen ·
1985: C. A. R. Hoare ·
1986: E. D. R. Shearman ·
1987: David Davies ·
1988: Cyril Hilsum ·
1989: Charles Kao ·
1990: Peter Lawrenson ·
1991: Alan Rudge ·
1992: L. Solymar ·
1993: Alexander MacFarlane ·
1994: John Parnaby ·
1995: John David Rhodes ·
1996: S. C. Miller ·
1997: John Midwinter ·
1998: Roger Needham ·
1999: P. A. McKeown ·
2000: Michael Brady ·
2001: Chris Harris ·
2002: Robin Saxby ·
2003: Richard Friend ·
2004: Peter Grant ·
2005: Azim Premji ·
2006: John McCanny ·
2007: Steve Furber ·
2008: Josef Kittler ·
2009: Martin Sweeting ·
2010: Donal Bradley ·
2011: Donald Knuth ·
2012: Leonardo Chiariglione ·
2013: Michael Pepper ·
2014: Chris Toumazou ·
2015: Kees Schouhamer Immink ·
2016: Andy Harter ·
2017: Bjarne Stroustrup ·
2018: não concedida ·
2019: Peter Knight ·
2020: Bashir Al-Hashimi ·
2021: John E E Fleming ·
2023: Arogyaswami Paulraj
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