| Martin Ryle |
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| Radioastronomia, Astrônomo Real Britânico |
| Nascimento | 27 de setembro de 1918 Brighton |
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| Morte | 14 de outubro de 1984 (66 anos) Cambridge |
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| Nacionalidade | britânico |
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| Cidadania | Reino Unido |
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| Progenitores | |
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| Alma mater | - Christ Church
- Trinity College
- Bradfield College
- Universidade de Oxford
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| Ocupação | astrônomo, físico, astrofísico, pesquisador |
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| Distinções | Medalha Hughes (1954) Guthrie Lecture (1964) Medalha de Ouro da RAS (1964) Medalha Henry Draper (1965], Prêmio Holweck (1965) Medalha Faraday (1971) Medalha Albert A. Michelson (1971) Prémio Memorial Morris N. Liebmann IEEE (1971) Medalha Real (1973) Nobel de Física (1974) Medalha Bruce (1974) |
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| Empregador(a) | Universidade de Cambridge |
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| Orientador(a)(es/s) | John Ashworth Ratcliffe |
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Martin Ryle FRS[1] (Brighton, 27 de setembro de 1918 — Cambridge, 14 de outubro de 1984) foi um físico e astrofísico britânico.
Recebeu o Nobel de Física de 1974, pela invenção e aplicação da técnica de abertura sintética.
Prémios e honrarias
Referências
Ligações externas
Medalha Hughes (1902 — 2020) |
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Medalha de Ouro da Royal Astronomical Society (1824 – 2024) |
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| Século XIX | | Década de 1820 |
- 1824: Charles Babbage, Johann Franz Encke
- 1826: John Herschel, James South, Wilhelm Struve
- 1827: Francis Baily
- 1828: Thomas Brisbane, James Dunlop, Caroline Herschel
- 1829: William Pearson, Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel, Heinrich Christian Schumacher
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| Década de 1830 |
- 1830: William Richardson, Johann Franz Encke
- 1831: Henry Kater, Marie-Charles Damoiseau
- 1833: George Biddell Airy
- 1835: Manuel John Johnson
- 1836: John Herschel
- 1837: Otto August Rosenberger
- 1839: John Wrottesley
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| Década de 1840 |
- 1840: Giovanni Plana
- 1841: Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel
- 1842: Peter Andreas Hansen
- 1843: Francis Baily
- 1845: William Henry Smyth
- 1846: George Biddell Airy
- 1849: William Lassell
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| Década de 1850 |
- 1850: Otto Wilhelm von Struve
- 1851: Annibale de Gasparis
- 1852: Christian August Friedrich Peters
- 1853: John Russell Hind
- 1854: Karl Rümker
- 1855: William Rutter Dawes
- 1856: Robert Grant
- 1857: Samuel Heinrich Schwabe
- 1858: Robert Main
- 1859: Richard Christopher Carrington
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| Década de 1860 |
- 1860: Peter Andreas Hansen
- 1861: Hermann Mayer Salomon Goldschmidt
- 1862: Warren De La Rue
- 1863: Friedrich Wilhelm August Argelander
- 1865: George Phillips Bond
- 1866: John Couch Adams
- 1867: William Huggins, William Allen Miller
- 1868: Urbain Le Verrier
- 1869: Edward James Stone
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| Década de 1870 |
- 1870: Charles-Eugène Delaunay
- 1872: Giovanni Schiaparelli
- 1874: Simon Newcomb
- 1875: Heinrich Louis d'Arrest
- 1876: Urbain Le Verrier
- 1878: Ercole Dembowski
- 1879: Asaph Hall
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| Década de 1880 |
- 1881: Axel Möller
- 1882: David Gill
- 1883: Benjamin Apthorp Gould
- 1884: Andrew Ainslie Common
- 1885: William Huggins
- 1886: Edward Charles Pickering, Charles Pritchard
- 1887: George William Hill
- 1888: Arthur Auwers
- 1889: Maurice Loewy
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| Década de 1890 |
- 1892: George Darwin
- 1893: Hermann Carl Vogel
- 1894: Sherburne Wesley Burnham
- 1895: Isaac Roberts
- 1896: Seth Carlo Chandler
- 1897: Edward Barnard
- 1898: William Frederick Denning
- 1899: Frank McClean
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| Medalha de Prata |
- 1824: Karl Rümker, Jean-Louis Pons
- 1827 William Samuel Stratford, Mark Beaufoy
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Medalha de Reconhecimento |
- 1848: George Biddell Airy
- John Couch Adams
- Friedrich Wilhelm August Argelander
- George Bishop
- George Everest
- John Herschel
- Peter Andreas Hansen
- Karl Ludwig Hencke
- John Russell Hind
- Urbain Le Verrier
- John William Lubbock
- Maximilian von Weiße
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| Século XX | | Década de 1900 |
- 1900: Henri Poincaré
- 1901: Edward Charles Pickering
- 1902: Jacobus Kapteyn
- 1903: Hermann Struve
- 1904: George Ellery Hale
- 1905: Lewis Boss
- 1906: William Wallace Campbell
- 1907: Ernest William Brown
- 1908: David Gill
- 1909: Oskar Backlund
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| Década de 1910 |
- 1910: Karl Friedrich Küstner
- 1911: Philip Herbert Cowell
- 1912: Arthur Robert Hinks
- 1913: Henri-Alexandre Deslandres
- 1914: Max Wolf
- 1915: Alfred Fowler
- 1916: John Dreyer
- 1917: Walter Sydney Adams
- 1918: John Evershed
- 1919: Guillaume Bigourdan
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| Década de 1920 | |
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| Década de 1930 | |
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| Década de 1940 | |
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| Década de 1950 |
- 1950: Joel Stebbins
- 1951: Anton Pannekoek
- 1952: John Jackson
- 1953: Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
- 1954: Walter Baade
- 1955: Dirk Brouwer
- 1956: Thomas George Cowling
- 1957: Albrecht Unsöld
- 1958: André-Louis Danjon
- 1959: Raymond Lyttleton
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| Década de 1960 | |
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| Década de 1970 | |
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| Década de 1980 |
- 1980: Chaim Leib Pekeris, Maarten Schmidt
- 1981: James Freeman Gilbert, Bernard Lovell
- 1982: Riccardo Giacconi, Harrie Massey
- 1983: Michael Seaton, Fred L. Whipple
- 1984: Keith Runcorn, Jakov Seldovich
- 1985: Thomas Gold, Stephen Hawking
- 1986: George Edward Backus, Alexander Dalgarno
- 1987: Takeshi Nagata, Martin Rees
- 1988: Don Lynn Anderson, Cornelis de Jager
- 1989: Raymond Hide, Ken Pounds
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| Década de 1990 |
- 1990: James Dungey, Bernard Pagel
- 1991: Vitaly Ginzburg, Gerald Joseph Wasserburg
- 1992: Dan Peter McKenzie, Eugene Parker
- 1993: Peter Goldreich, Donald Lynden-Bell
- 1994: James Gunn, Thomas Reeve Kaiser
- 1995: John Houghton, Rashid Sunyaev
- 1996: Kenneth Creer, Vera Rubin
- 1997: Donald Farley, Donald Edward Osterbrock
- 1998: Robert Ladislav Parker, James Peebles
- 1999: Kenneth Budden, Bohdan Paczyński
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| Século XXI | | Década de 2000 |
- 2000: Leon Lucy, Robert Hutchison
- 2001: Hermann Bondi, Henry Rishbeth
- 2002: Leon Mestel, John Arthur Jacobs
- 2003: John Norris Bahcall, David Gubbins
- 2004: Jeremiah Paul Ostriker, Grenville Turner
- 2005: Margaret Burbidge, Geoffrey Burbidge, Carole Jordan
- 2006: Simon White, Stanley William Herbert Cowley
- 2007: Leonard Culhane, Nigel Weiss
- 2008: Joseph Silk, Brian Kennett
- 2009: David Williams, Eric Priest
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| Década de 2010 | |
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| Década de 2020 |
- 2020: Sandra Faber, Yvonne Elsworth
- 2021: Jocelyn Bell Burnell, Thorne Lay
- 2022: George Efstathiou, Richard B. Horne
- 2023: John Andrew Peacock, Tim Palmer
- 2024: Gilles Chabrier, John-Michael Kendall
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Astrônomos Reais |
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- 1675 John Flamsteed
- 1720 Edmond Halley
- 1742 James Bradley
- 1762 Nathaniel Bliss
- 1765 Nevil Maskelyne
- 1811 John Pond
- 1835 George Biddell Airy
- 1881 William Christie
- 1910 Frank Watson Dyson
- 1933 Harold Spencer Jones
- 1956 Richard van der Riet Woolley
- 1972 Martin Ryle
- 1982 Francis Graham-Smith
- 1991 Arnold Wolfendale
- 1995 Martin Rees
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Medalha Faraday |
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1922: Oliver Heaviside ·
1923: Charles Algernon Parsons ·
1924: Sebastian Ziani de Ferranti ·
1925: Joseph John Thomson ·
1926: Rookes Evelyn Bell Crompton ·
1927: Elihu Thomson ·
1928: John Ambrose Fleming ·
1929: Guido Semenza ·
1930: Ernest Rutherford ·
1931: Charles Hesterman Merz ·
1932: Oliver Lodge ·
1934: Frank Edward Smith ·
1935: Frank Baldwin Jewett ·
1936: William Henry Bragg ·
1937: André Blondel ·
1938: John Snell ·
1939: William David Coolidge ·
1940: Alexander Russell ·
1941: Arthur Percy Morris Fleming ·
1942: Pyotr Kapitsa ·
1943: Archibald Page ·
1944: Irving Langmuir ·
1945: Clifford Paterson ·
1946: Edward Appleton ·
1947: Leonard Pearce ·
1948: Marcus Oliphant ·
1949: Charles Samuel Franklin ·
1950: James Chadwick ·
1951: Thomas Eckersley ·
1952: Ernest Lawrence ·
1953: A. Stanley Angwin ·
1954: Isaac Shoenberg ·
1955: John Cockcroft ·
1956: G. W. O. Howe ·
1957: Waldemar Borgquist ·
1958: Gordon Radley ·
1959: Luigi Emmannueli ·
1960: George Paget Thomson ·
1961: Julius Adams Stratton ·
1962: Basil Schonland ·
1963: P. M. J. Ailleret ·
1964: Joseph Ronald Mortlock ·
1965: Vladimir Zworykin ·
1966: John Ashworth Ratcliffe ·
1967: Harold Barlow ·
1968: Leslie Herbert Bedford ·
1969: Phillip Sporn ·
1970: Charles William Oatley ·
1971: Martin Ryle ·
1972: Frederic Calland Williams ·
1973: Nevill Francis Mott ·
1974: G. Millington ·
1975: John Millar Meek ·
1976: Thomas O. Paine ·
1977: John Adams ·
1978: E. Friedlander ·
1979: Robert Noyce ·
1980: Eric Ash ·
1981: Maurice Vincent Wilkes ·
1982: Brian David Josephson ·
1983: W. A. Gambling ·
1984: Alexander Lamb Cullen ·
1985: C. A. R. Hoare ·
1986: E. D. R. Shearman ·
1987: David Davies ·
1988: Cyril Hilsum ·
1989: Charles Kao ·
1990: Peter Lawrenson ·
1991: Alan Rudge ·
1992: L. Solymar ·
1993: Alexander MacFarlane ·
1994: John Parnaby ·
1995: John David Rhodes ·
1996: S. C. Miller ·
1997: John Midwinter ·
1998: Roger Needham ·
1999: P. A. McKeown ·
2000: Michael Brady ·
2001: Chris Harris ·
2002: Robin Saxby ·
2003: Richard Friend ·
2004: Peter Grant ·
2005: Azim Premji ·
2006: John McCanny ·
2007: Steve Furber ·
2008: Josef Kittler ·
2009: Martin Sweeting ·
2010: Donal Bradley ·
2011: Donald Knuth ·
2012: Leonardo Chiariglione ·
2013: Michael Pepper ·
2014: Chris Toumazou ·
2015: Kees Schouhamer Immink ·
2016: Andy Harter ·
2017: Bjarne Stroustrup ·
2018: não concedida ·
2019: Peter Knight ·
2020: Bashir Al-Hashimi ·
2021: John E E Fleming ·
2023: Arogyaswami Paulraj
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Medalha Real. Laureados (1951 — 2000) |
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1951: Howard Florey e Ian Heilbron • 1952: Frederic Bartlett e Christopher Kelk Ingold • 1953: Paul Fildes e Nevill Francis Mott • 1954: Hans Krebs e John Cockcroft • 1955: Vincent Wigglesworth e Alexander Todd • 1956: Owen Thomas Jones e Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin • 1957: Frederick Gugenheim Gregory e William Vallance Douglas Hodge • 1958: Alan Hodgkin e Harrie Massey • 1959: Peter Brian Medawar e Rudolf Peierls • 1960: Roy Cameron e Bernard Lovell • 1961: Wilfrid Le Gros Clark e Cecil Frank Powell • 1962: John Eccles e Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar • 1963: Herbert Harold Read e Robert Hill • 1964: Francis Brambell e Michael James Lighthill • 1965: Henry Charles Husband, John Kendrew e Raymond Lyttleton • 1966: Christopher Cockerell, Frank Yates e John Ashworth Ratcliffe • 1967: Joseph Hutchinson, John Zachary Young e Cecil Edgar Tilley • 1968: Gilbert Roberts, Walter Thomas James Morgan e Michael Atiyah • 1969: Charles William Oatley, Frederick Sanger e George Deacon • 1970: John Fleetwood Baker, William Albert Hugh Rushton e Kingsley Charles Dunham • 1971: Percy Edward Kent, Max Perutz e Gerhard Herzberg • 1972: Wilfrid Bennett Lewis, Francis Crick e Derek Barton • 1973: Edward Abraham, Rodney Porter e Martin Ryle • 1974: Sydney Brenner, George Edwards e Fred Hoyle • 1975: Barnes Wallis, David Chilton Phillips e Edward Bullard • 1976: Alan Walsh, James Learmonth Gowans e John Cornforth • 1977: John Adams, Hugh Huxley e Peter Hirsch • 1978: Tom Kilburn, Roderic Alfred Gregory e Abdus Salam • 1979: Vernon Ellis Cosslett, Hans Walter Kosterlitz e Frederick Charles Frank • 1980: John Paul Wild, Henry Harris e Denys Wilkinson • 1981: Ralph Riley, Marthe Louise Vogt e Geoffrey Wilkinson • 1982: César Milstein, William Hawthorne e Richard Dalitz • 1983: Daniel Joseph Bradley, Wilhelm Siegmund Feldberg e John Kingman • 1984: Alexander Lamb Cullen, Mary Frances Lyon e Alan Battersby • 1985: John Argyris, John Gurdon e Roger Penrose • 1986: Eric Ash, Richard Doll e Rex Richards • 1987: Gustav Victor Rudolf Born, Eric James Denton e Francis Graham-Smith • 1988: Harold Barlow, Winifred Watkins e George Batchelor • 1989: John Vane, David Weatherall e John Charles Polanyi • 1990: Olgierd Zienkiewicz, Anne McLaren e Michael Berry • 1991: Basil John Mason, Michael Berridge e Dan Peter McKenzie • 1992: David Tabor, Michael Anthony Epstein e Simon Donaldson • 1993: Rodney Hill, Horace Barlow e Volker Heine • 1994: Salvador Moncada, Eric Mansfield e Sivaramakrishna Chandrasekhar • 1995: Donald Metcalf, Paul Nurse e Robert Williams • 1996: Robert Hinde, Jack Heslop-Harrison e Andrew Wiles • 1997: Geoffrey Eglinton, John Maynard Smith e Donald Hill Perkins • 1998: Edwin Southern, Ricardo Miledi e Donald Charlton Bradley • 1999: John Frank Davidson, Patrick David Wall e Archibald Howie • 2000: Tim Berners-Lee, Geoffrey Burnstock e Keith Usherwood Ingold |
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| 1901–1925 | |
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| 1926–1950 | |
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| 1951–1975 | |
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| 1976–2000 |
- 1976: Richter e Ting
- 1977: P. W. Anderson, Mott e Van Vleck
- 1978: Kapitsa, Penzias e Wilson
- 1979: Glashow, Salam e Weinberg
- 1980: Cronin e Fitch
- 1981: Bloembergen, Schawlow e Siegbahn
- 1982: Wilson
- 1983: Chandrasekhar e Fowler
- 1984: Rubbia e Van der Meer
- 1985: Klitzing
- 1986: Ruska, Binnig e Rohrer
- 1987: Bednorz e Müller
- 1988: Lederman, Schwartz e Steinberger
- 1989: Ramsey, Dehmelt e Paul
- 1990: Friedman, Kendall e R. E. Taylor
- 1991: de Gennes
- 1992: Charpak, Hulse e J. H. Taylor
- 1993: Brockhouse e Shull
- 1994: Perl e Reines
- 1995: D. Lee, Osheroff e R. Richardson
- 1996: Chu, Cohen-Tannoudji e Phillips
- 1997: Laughlin, Störmer e Tsui
- 1998: Hooft e Veltman
- 1999: Alferov, Kroemer e Kilby
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| 2001–2024 |
- 2001: Cornell, Wieman e Ketterle
- 2002: Davis, Koshiba e Giacconi
- 2003: Abrikosov, Ginzburg e Leggett
- 2004: Gross, Politzer e Wilczek
- 2005: Glauber|, Hall e Hänsch
- 2006: Mather e Smoot
- 2007: Fert e Grünberg
- 2008: Nambu, Kobayashi e Masukawa
- 2009: Kao, Boyle e G. Smith
- 2010: Geim e Novoselov
- 2011: Perlmutter, Riess e Schmidt
- 2012: Haroche e Wineland
- 2013: Englert e Higgs
- 2014: Akasaki, Amano e Nakamura
- 2015: Kajita e McDonald
- 2016: Haldane, Thouless e Kosterlitz
- 2017: Weiss, Barish e Thorne
- 2018: Ashkin, Mourou e Strickland
- 2019: Peebles, Mayor e Queloz
- 2020: Penrose, Genzel e Ghez
- 2021: Manabe, Hasselmann e Parisi
- 2022: Aspect, Clauser e Zeilinger
- 2023: Agostini, Krausz e L'Huillier
- 2024: Hopfield e Hinton
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