| Willem de Sitter |
|---|
 |
| Nascimento | 6 de maio de 1872
Sneek, Países Baixos |
|---|
| Morte | 20 de novembro de 1934 (62 anos)
Leiden, Países Baixos |
|---|
| Nacionalidade | neerlandês |
|---|
| Prêmios | Medalha James Craig Watson (1929) Medalha de Ouro da RAS (1931) Medalha Bruce (1931) Prêmio Jules Janssen (1934) |
|---|
Willem de Sitter (Sneek, 6 de maio de 1872 — Leiden, 20 de novembro de 1934) foi um matemático, físico e astrônomo neerlandês.
Willem de Sitter estudou matemática na Universidade de Groningen e depois integrou o Laboratório de Astronomia de Groninga. Trabalhou no observatório do Cabo na África do Sul (1897-1899), e em 1908 foi nomeado para a cátedra de astronomia da Universidade de Leiden. Foi diretor do Observatório de Leiden de 1919 até sua morte.
De Sitter contribuiu a melhorar a compreensão da cosmologia. Uma de suas obras de destaque é a co-redação de um artigo com Albert Einstein, em 1932, no qual eles lançam a conjectura de que deveria haver no universo uma grande quantidade de matéria que não emitia luz, designada como matéria negra.
De Sitter ficou também célebre por seus trabalhos sobre o planeta Júpiter.
Distinções honoríficas
Honrarias
- 1929 - Medalha James Craig Watson[1]
- 1931 - Medalha Bruce[2]
- 1931 - Medalha de Ouro da Royal Astronomical Society[3]
- 1934 - Prêmio Jules Janssen[4]
Epônimos
- A cratera de Sitter na Lua
- O asteróide 1686 De Sitter
Ver também
- Universo de de Sitter (cosmologia)
- Espaço de Sitter (matemática)
- Horizonte de de Sitter
Referências
Ligações externas
Precedido por John Stanley Plaskett |
Medalha de Ouro da Royal Astronomical Society 1931 |
Sucedido por Robert Grant Aitken |
Medalha James Craig Watson (1887 — 2020) |
|---|
| 1887 — 1899 |
- 1887 Benjamin Apthorp Gould
- 1889 Ed Schoenfeld
- 1891 Arthur Auwers
- 1894 Seth Carlo Chandler
- 1899 David Gill
| |
|---|
| 1913 — 1998 |
- 1913 Jacobus Kapteyn
- 1916 Armin Otto Leuschner
- 1924 Carl Charlier
- 1929 Willem de Sitter
- 1936 Ernest William Brown
- 1948 Samuel Alfred Mitchell
- 1951 Herbert R. Morgan
- 1955 Chester Burleigh Watts
- 1957 George Van Biesbroeck
- 1960 Yusuke Hagihara
- 1961 Otto Heckmann
- 1964 Willem Jacob Luyten
- 1965 Paul Herget
- 1966 Wallace John Eckert
- 1969 Jürgen Moser
- 1972 André Deprit
- 1975 Gerald Maurice Clemence
- 1979 Charles Kowal
- 1982 Stanton J. Peale
- 1985 Kent Ford
- 1988 Robert Benjamin Leighton
- 1991 Maarten Schmidt
- 1994 Yasuo Tanaka
- 1998 Carolyn Shoemaker e Eugene Shoemaker
|
|---|
| 2001 — 2014 |
- 2001 David Todd Wilkinson
- 2004 Vera Rubin
- 2007 Michael Skrutskie e Roc Cutri
- 2010 Margaret Geller
- 2012 Jeremiah Paul Ostriker
- 2014 Robert Kirshner
- 2016 Timothy M. Brown
- 2018 Ewine van Dishoeck
- 2020 Lisa Kewley
|
|---|
Medalha de Ouro da Royal Astronomical Society (1824 – 2024) |
|---|
| Século XIX | | Década de 1820 |
- 1824: Charles Babbage, Johann Franz Encke
- 1826: John Herschel, James South, Wilhelm Struve
- 1827: Francis Baily
- 1828: Thomas Brisbane, James Dunlop, Caroline Herschel
- 1829: William Pearson, Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel, Heinrich Christian Schumacher
|
|---|
| Década de 1830 |
- 1830: William Richardson, Johann Franz Encke
- 1831: Henry Kater, Marie-Charles Damoiseau
- 1833: George Biddell Airy
- 1835: Manuel John Johnson
- 1836: John Herschel
- 1837: Otto August Rosenberger
- 1839: John Wrottesley
|
|---|
| Década de 1840 |
- 1840: Giovanni Plana
- 1841: Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel
- 1842: Peter Andreas Hansen
- 1843: Francis Baily
- 1845: William Henry Smyth
- 1846: George Biddell Airy
- 1849: William Lassell
|
|---|
| Década de 1850 |
- 1850: Otto Wilhelm von Struve
- 1851: Annibale de Gasparis
- 1852: Christian August Friedrich Peters
- 1853: John Russell Hind
- 1854: Karl Rümker
- 1855: William Rutter Dawes
- 1856: Robert Grant
- 1857: Samuel Heinrich Schwabe
- 1858: Robert Main
- 1859: Richard Christopher Carrington
|
|---|
| Década de 1860 |
- 1860: Peter Andreas Hansen
- 1861: Hermann Mayer Salomon Goldschmidt
- 1862: Warren De La Rue
- 1863: Friedrich Wilhelm August Argelander
- 1865: George Phillips Bond
- 1866: John Couch Adams
- 1867: William Huggins, William Allen Miller
- 1868: Urbain Le Verrier
- 1869: Edward James Stone
|
|---|
| Década de 1870 |
- 1870: Charles-Eugène Delaunay
- 1872: Giovanni Schiaparelli
- 1874: Simon Newcomb
- 1875: Heinrich Louis d'Arrest
- 1876: Urbain Le Verrier
- 1878: Ercole Dembowski
- 1879: Asaph Hall
|
|---|
| Década de 1880 |
- 1881: Axel Möller
- 1882: David Gill
- 1883: Benjamin Apthorp Gould
- 1884: Andrew Ainslie Common
- 1885: William Huggins
- 1886: Edward Charles Pickering, Charles Pritchard
- 1887: George William Hill
- 1888: Arthur Auwers
- 1889: Maurice Loewy
|
|---|
| Década de 1890 |
- 1892: George Darwin
- 1893: Hermann Carl Vogel
- 1894: Sherburne Wesley Burnham
- 1895: Isaac Roberts
- 1896: Seth Carlo Chandler
- 1897: Edward Barnard
- 1898: William Frederick Denning
- 1899: Frank McClean
|
|---|
| Medalha de Prata |
- 1824: Karl Rümker, Jean-Louis Pons
- 1827 William Samuel Stratford, Mark Beaufoy
|
|---|
Medalha de Reconhecimento |
- 1848: George Biddell Airy
- John Couch Adams
- Friedrich Wilhelm August Argelander
- George Bishop
- George Everest
- John Herschel
- Peter Andreas Hansen
- Karl Ludwig Hencke
- John Russell Hind
- Urbain Le Verrier
- John William Lubbock
- Maximilian von Weiße
|
|---|
| |
|---|
| Século XX | | Década de 1900 |
- 1900: Henri Poincaré
- 1901: Edward Charles Pickering
- 1902: Jacobus Kapteyn
- 1903: Hermann Struve
- 1904: George Ellery Hale
- 1905: Lewis Boss
- 1906: William Wallace Campbell
- 1907: Ernest William Brown
- 1908: David Gill
- 1909: Oskar Backlund
|
|---|
| Década de 1910 |
- 1910: Karl Friedrich Küstner
- 1911: Philip Herbert Cowell
- 1912: Arthur Robert Hinks
- 1913: Henri-Alexandre Deslandres
- 1914: Max Wolf
- 1915: Alfred Fowler
- 1916: John Dreyer
- 1917: Walter Sydney Adams
- 1918: John Evershed
- 1919: Guillaume Bigourdan
|
|---|
| Década de 1920 | |
|---|
| Década de 1930 | |
|---|
| Década de 1940 | |
|---|
| Década de 1950 |
- 1950: Joel Stebbins
- 1951: Anton Pannekoek
- 1952: John Jackson
- 1953: Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
- 1954: Walter Baade
- 1955: Dirk Brouwer
- 1956: Thomas George Cowling
- 1957: Albrecht Unsöld
- 1958: André-Louis Danjon
- 1959: Raymond Lyttleton
|
|---|
| Década de 1960 | |
|---|
| Década de 1970 | |
|---|
| Década de 1980 |
- 1980: Chaim Leib Pekeris, Maarten Schmidt
- 1981: James Freeman Gilbert, Bernard Lovell
- 1982: Riccardo Giacconi, Harrie Massey
- 1983: Michael Seaton, Fred L. Whipple
- 1984: Keith Runcorn, Jakov Seldovich
- 1985: Thomas Gold, Stephen Hawking
- 1986: George Edward Backus, Alexander Dalgarno
- 1987: Takeshi Nagata, Martin Rees
- 1988: Don Lynn Anderson, Cornelis de Jager
- 1989: Raymond Hide, Ken Pounds
|
|---|
| Década de 1990 |
- 1990: James Dungey, Bernard Pagel
- 1991: Vitaly Ginzburg, Gerald Joseph Wasserburg
- 1992: Dan Peter McKenzie, Eugene Parker
- 1993: Peter Goldreich, Donald Lynden-Bell
- 1994: James Gunn, Thomas Reeve Kaiser
- 1995: John Houghton, Rashid Sunyaev
- 1996: Kenneth Creer, Vera Rubin
- 1997: Donald Farley, Donald Edward Osterbrock
- 1998: Robert Ladislav Parker, James Peebles
- 1999: Kenneth Budden, Bohdan Paczyński
|
|---|
|
|---|
| Século XXI | | Década de 2000 |
- 2000: Leon Lucy, Robert Hutchison
- 2001: Hermann Bondi, Henry Rishbeth
- 2002: Leon Mestel, John Arthur Jacobs
- 2003: John Norris Bahcall, David Gubbins
- 2004: Jeremiah Paul Ostriker, Grenville Turner
- 2005: Margaret Burbidge, Geoffrey Burbidge, Carole Jordan
- 2006: Simon White, Stanley William Herbert Cowley
- 2007: Leonard Culhane, Nigel Weiss
- 2008: Joseph Silk, Brian Kennett
- 2009: David Williams, Eric Priest
|
|---|
| Década de 2010 | |
|---|
| Década de 2020 |
- 2020: Sandra Faber, Yvonne Elsworth
- 2021: Jocelyn Bell Burnell, Thorne Lay
- 2022: George Efstathiou, Richard B. Horne
- 2023: John Andrew Peacock, Tim Palmer
- 2024: Gilles Chabrier, John-Michael Kendall
|
|---|
|
|---|
Prêmio Jules Janssen (1897 — 2021) |
|---|
1897: Camille Flammarion · 1898: Samuel Pierpont Langley · 1899: Auguste Charlois · 1900: Pierre Puiseux · 1901: Joseph Joachim Landerer, Thomas David Anderson e Henri Chrétien · 1902: Sylvie Camille Flammarion · 1903: Michel Giacobini · 1904: Percival Lowell · 1905: José Comas y Solá · 1906: Edward Barnard · 1907: Milan Rastislav Štefánik · 1908: Edward Charles Pickering · 1909: William Henry Pickering · 1910: Philip Herbert Cowell e Andrew Crommelin · 1911: Jean Bosler · 1912: Max Wolf · 1913: Alphonse Louis Nicolas Borrelly · 1914: Annibale Riccò · 1915: not awarded · 1916: not awarded · 1917: George Ellery Hale · 1918: G. Raymond · 1919: Guillaume Bigourdan · 1920: Henri-Alexandre Deslandres · 1921: René Jarry-Desloges · 1922: Albert Abraham Michelson · 1923: Aymar de La Baume Pluvinel · 1924: George Willis Ritchey · 1925: Eugène Michel Antoniadi · 1926: Walter Sydney Adams · 1927: Gustave-Auguste Ferrié · 1928: Arthur Stanley Eddington · 1929: Charles Fabry · 1930: Robert Esnault-Pelterie · 1931: Albert Einstein · 1932: Bernard Lyot · 1933: Harlow Shapley · 1934: Willem de Sitter · 1935: Ernest Esclangon · 1936: Georges Lemaître · 1937: Giorgio Abetti · 1938: Jules Baillaud · 1939: A. Arnulf · 1940: not awarded · 1941: not awarded · 1942: not awarded · 1943: not awarded · 1944: not awarded · 1945: Harold Spencer Jones · 1946: Charles Maurain, Fernand Baldet · 1947: Jan Hendrik Oort · 1948: Lucien d'Azambuja · 1949: Bertil Lindblad · 1950: André-Louis Danjon · 1951: Gerard Kuiper · 1952: Frederick John Marrian Stratton · 1953: André Couder · 1954: Otto Struve · 1955: André Lallemand · 1956: Viktor Ambartsumian · 1957: Daniel Chalonge · 1958: Pol Swings · 1959: Charles Fehrenbach · 1960: Albert Edward Whitford · 1961: J. Coulomb · 1962: Otto Heckmann · 1963: Jean Dufay · 1964: Guglielmo Righini · 1965: Jean-François Denisse · 1966: Marcel Gilles Jozef Minnaert · 1967: Jean-Claude Pecker · 1968: Karl-Otto Kiepenheuer · 1969: Nicolas Stoyko · 1970: Martin Schwarzschild · 1971: Jean Rösch · 1972: Donald Harry Sadler · 1973: Évry Schatzman · 1974: Walter Ernst Fricke · 1975: Pierre Lacroute · 1976: Donald Howard Menzel · 1977: James Lequeux · 1978: Adriaan Blaauw · 1979: Jean Kovalevsky · 1980: Lyman Spitzer · 1981: G. Courtés · 1982: Peter van de Kamp · 1983: Jacques Lévy e Charles Bertaud · 1984: Cornelis de Jager · 1985: Paul Muller · 1986: Marcel Golay · 1987: Jean Delhaye · 1988: Gérard de Vaucouleurs · 1989: · 1990: Herbert Friedmann · 1991: Pierre Mein · 1992: Luboš Perek · 1993: Audouin Dollfus · 1994: Edith Müller · 1995: François Roddier · 1996: Michael Perryman · 1997: Elizabeth Nesme e Serge Koutchmy · 1998: Michel Mayor · 1999: Pierre Léna · 2000: Reinhard Genzel · 2001: Roger Cayrel · 2002: Armand H. Delsemme · 2003: Jean-Paul Zahn · 2004: Jayant Narlikar · 2005: Roger-Maurice Bonnet · 2006: Owen Gingerich · 2007: Thérèse Encrenaz e Paul Couteau · 2008: Jan Stenflo · 2009: Catherine Cesarsky · 2010: Carlton Pennypacker · 2011: Roger Ferlet · 2012: Jay Pasachoff · 2013: Suzanne Débarbat · 2014: Rafael Rebolo López · 2015: Suzy Collin · 2016: John Leibacher · 2017: Françoise Combes · 2018: Alessandro Morbidelli · 2019: Hubert Reeves · 2020: Ewine van Dishoeck · 2021: Jean-Pierre Luminet |