George Edward Backus

George Edward Backus
Nascimento	24 de maio de 1930 (95 anos) Chicago
Prêmios	Medalha de Ouro da RAS (1986)

George Edward Backus (Chicago, 24 de maio de 1930) é um geofísico estadunidense.

Referências

Ligações externas

Scripps Institution of Oceanography – Profile page on George Backus

Precedido por
Thomas Gold e Stephen Hawking

Medalha de Ouro da Royal Astronomical Society
1986
com Alexander Dalgarno

Sucedido por
Takeshi Nagata e Martin Rees

Medalha de Ouro da Royal Astronomical Society (1824 – 2024)

Século XIX

Década de 1820	1824: Charles Babbage, Johann Franz Encke 1826: John Herschel, James South, Wilhelm Struve 1827: Francis Baily 1828: Thomas Brisbane, James Dunlop, Caroline Herschel 1829: William Pearson, Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel, Heinrich Christian Schumacher
Década de 1830	1830: William Richardson, Johann Franz Encke 1831: Henry Kater, Marie-Charles Damoiseau 1833: George Biddell Airy 1835: Manuel John Johnson 1836: John Herschel 1837: Otto August Rosenberger 1839: John Wrottesley
Década de 1840	1840: Giovanni Plana 1841: Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel 1842: Peter Andreas Hansen 1843: Francis Baily 1845: William Henry Smyth 1846: George Biddell Airy 1849: William Lassell
Década de 1850	1850: Otto Wilhelm von Struve 1851: Annibale de Gasparis 1852: Christian August Friedrich Peters 1853: John Russell Hind 1854: Karl Rümker 1855: William Rutter Dawes 1856: Robert Grant 1857: Samuel Heinrich Schwabe 1858: Robert Main 1859: Richard Christopher Carrington
Década de 1860	1860: Peter Andreas Hansen 1861: Hermann Mayer Salomon Goldschmidt 1862: Warren De La Rue 1863: Friedrich Wilhelm August Argelander 1865: George Phillips Bond 1866: John Couch Adams 1867: William Huggins, William Allen Miller 1868: Urbain Le Verrier 1869: Edward James Stone
Década de 1870	1870: Charles-Eugène Delaunay 1872: Giovanni Schiaparelli 1874: Simon Newcomb 1875: Heinrich Louis d'Arrest 1876: Urbain Le Verrier 1878: Ercole Dembowski 1879: Asaph Hall
Década de 1880	1881: Axel Möller 1882: David Gill 1883: Benjamin Apthorp Gould 1884: Andrew Ainslie Common 1885: William Huggins 1886: Edward Charles Pickering, Charles Pritchard 1887: George William Hill 1888: Arthur Auwers 1889: Maurice Loewy
Década de 1890	1892: George Darwin 1893: Hermann Carl Vogel 1894: Sherburne Wesley Burnham 1895: Isaac Roberts 1896: Seth Carlo Chandler 1897: Edward Barnard 1898: William Frederick Denning 1899: Frank McClean
Medalha de Prata	1824: Karl Rümker, Jean-Louis Pons 1827 William Samuel Stratford, Mark Beaufoy
Medalha de Reconhecimento	1848: George Biddell Airy John Couch Adams Friedrich Wilhelm August Argelander George Bishop George Everest John Herschel Peter Andreas Hansen Karl Ludwig Hencke John Russell Hind Urbain Le Verrier John William Lubbock Maximilian von Weiße

Século XX

Década de 1900	1900: Henri Poincaré 1901: Edward Charles Pickering 1902: Jacobus Kapteyn 1903: Hermann Struve 1904: George Ellery Hale 1905: Lewis Boss 1906: William Wallace Campbell 1907: Ernest William Brown 1908: David Gill 1909: Oskar Backlund
Década de 1910	1910: Karl Friedrich Küstner 1911: Philip Herbert Cowell 1912: Arthur Robert Hinks 1913: Henri-Alexandre Deslandres 1914: Max Wolf 1915: Alfred Fowler 1916: John Dreyer 1917: Walter Sydney Adams 1918: John Evershed 1919: Guillaume Bigourdan
Década de 1920	1921: Henry Norris Russell 1922: James Jeans 1923: Albert A. Michelson 1924: Arthur Eddington 1925: Frank Watson Dyson 1926: Albert Einstein 1927: Frank Schlesinger 1928: Ralph Allen Sampson 1929: Ejnar Hertzsprung
Década de 1930	1930: John Stanley Plaskett 1931: Willem de Sitter 1932: Robert Grant Aitken 1933: Vesto M. Slipher 1934: Harlow Shapley 1935: Edward Arthur Milne 1936: Hisashi Kimura 1937: Harold Jeffreys 1938: William Hammond Wright 1939: Bernard Lyot
Década de 1940	1940: Edwin Powell Hubble 1943: Harold Spencer Jones 1944: Otto Struve 1945: Bengt Edlén 1946: Jan Oort 1947: Marcel Minnaert 1948: Bertil Lindblad 1949: Sydney Chapman
Década de 1950	1950: Joel Stebbins 1951: Anton Pannekoek 1952: John Jackson 1953: Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar 1954: Walter Baade 1955: Dirk Brouwer 1956: Thomas George Cowling 1957: Albrecht Unsöld 1958: André-Louis Danjon 1959: Raymond Lyttleton
Década de 1960	1960: Viktor Ambartsumian 1961: Herman Zanstra 1962: Bengt Strömgren 1963: Harry Hemley Plaskett 1964: Martin Ryle, William Maurice Ewing 1965: Edward Bullard, Gerald Maurice Clemence 1966: Ira Sprague Bowen, Harold Clayton Urey 1967: Hannes Alfvén, Allan Rex Sandage 1968: Fred Hoyle, Walter Munk 1969: Albert Thomas Price, Martin Schwarzschild
Década de 1970	1970: Horace Welcome Babcock 1971: Frank Press, Richard van der Riet Woolley 1972: Hal Thirlaway, Fritz Zwicky 1973: Francis Birch, Edwin E. Salpeter 1974: Ludwig Biermann, Keith Edward Bullen 1975: Jesse Leonard Greenstein, Ernst Öpik 1976: William McCrea, John Ashworth Ratcliffe 1977: David Bates, John Gatenby Bolton 1978: Lyman Spitzer, James Van Allen 1979: Leon Knopoff, Charles Gorrie Wynne
Década de 1980	1980: Chaim Leib Pekeris, Maarten Schmidt 1981: James Freeman Gilbert, Bernard Lovell 1982: Riccardo Giacconi, Harrie Massey 1983: Michael Seaton, Fred L. Whipple 1984: Keith Runcorn, Jakov Seldovich 1985: Thomas Gold, Stephen Hawking 1986: George Edward Backus, Alexander Dalgarno 1987: Takeshi Nagata, Martin Rees 1988: Don Lynn Anderson, Cornelis de Jager 1989: Raymond Hide, Ken Pounds
Década de 1990	1990: James Dungey, Bernard Pagel 1991: Vitaly Ginzburg, Gerald Joseph Wasserburg 1992: Dan Peter McKenzie, Eugene Parker 1993: Peter Goldreich, Donald Lynden-Bell 1994: James Gunn, Thomas Reeve Kaiser 1995: John Houghton, Rashid Sunyaev 1996: Kenneth Creer, Vera Rubin 1997: Donald Farley, Donald Edward Osterbrock 1998: Robert Ladislav Parker, James Peebles 1999: Kenneth Budden, Bohdan Paczyński

Século XXI

Década de 2000	2000: Leon Lucy, Robert Hutchison 2001: Hermann Bondi, Henry Rishbeth 2002: Leon Mestel, John Arthur Jacobs 2003: John Norris Bahcall, David Gubbins 2004: Jeremiah Paul Ostriker, Grenville Turner 2005: Margaret Burbidge, Geoffrey Burbidge, Carole Jordan 2006: Simon White, Stanley William Herbert Cowley 2007: Leonard Culhane, Nigel Weiss 2008: Joseph Silk, Brian Kennett 2009: David Williams, Eric Priest
Década de 2010	2010: Douglas Gough, John Woodhouse 2011: Richard Salisbury Ellis, Eberhard Grün 2012: Andrew Fabian, John Campbell Brown 2013: Roger Blandford, Chris Chapman 2014: Carlos Frenk, John Zarnecki 2015: Michel Mayor 2016: John David Barrow, Philip England 2017: Nicholas Kaiser, Michele Dougherty 2018: James Hough, Robert White 2019: Robert Kennicutt, Margaret Kivelson
Década de 2020	2020: Sandra Faber, Yvonne Elsworth 2021: Jocelyn Bell Burnell, Thorne Lay 2022: George Efstathiou, Richard B. Horne 2023: John Andrew Peacock, Tim Palmer 2024: Gilles Chabrier, John-Michael Kendall