Lepraria

Lepraria é um gênero de líquens crustosos leprosos (pulverulentos) que crescem em seu substrato como manchas de grãos de pó granulares, compactados e farinhentos.[1][2] Os membros do gênero são comumente chamados de líquens de pó.[2]:305[3][4] O corpo vegetativo principal (talo) é constituído por aglomerados de sorédios (pequenas bolas de algas envoltas em fungos).[2] Não existem mecanismos conhecidos para a reprodução sexuada, contudo, os membros do género continuam a especiar.[1][2] Algumas espécies podem formar lóbulos marginais e apresentar uma aparência escamosa.[2] Devido à simplicidade morfológica do talo e à ausência de estruturas sexuais, a composição dos produtos liquênicos (isto é, metabolitos secundários produzidos pelos líquenes) são características importantes para distinguir entre espécies semelhantes em Lepraria.[5]

Espécies

Até janeiro de 2025, Species Fungorum (no Catalogue of Life) aceita 85 espécies de Lepraria.

Lepraria finkii
Lepraria harrisiana
Lepraria lanata
Lepraria xerophila

 

  • Lepraria achariana Flakus & Kukwa (2007)[6] – América do Sul
  • Lepraria alba (Roth) Ach. (1799)
  • Lepraria albicans (Th.Fr.) Lendemer & B.P.Hodk. (2013)
  • Lepraria alpina (B.de Lesd.) Tretiach & Baruffo (2006)
  • Lepraria alternata Elix (2013)[7] – Austrália
  • Lepraria arbuscula (Nyl.) Lendemer & B.P.Hodk. (2013)
  • Lepraria atlantica Orange (2001)[8]
  • Lepraria aurescens Orange & Wolseley (2005)[9] – Tailândia
  • Lepraria barbatica Lendemer (2010)[10]
  • Lepraria bergensis Tønsberg (2002)[11]
  • Lepraria borealis Loht. & Tønsberg (1994)[12]
  • Lepraria brasiliensis Elix, A.A.Spielm. & Øvstedal (2010)
  • Lepraria brodoi Lendemer & Tønsberg (2014)[13] – América do Norte
  • Lepraria cacuminum (A.Massal.) Kümmerl. & Leuckert (1995)
  • Lepraria caesiella R.C.Harris (2005)[14]
  • Lepraria caesioalba (B.de Lesd.) J.R.Laundon (1992)[15]
  • Lepraria celata Slav.-Bay. (2006)[16]
  • Lepraria chileana Grewe, Barcenas-Peña, R.Diaz & Lumbsch (2021)[17] – Chile
  • Lepraria congesta (Nyl.) Lendemer & B.P.Hodk. (2013)
  • Lepraria crassissima (Hue) Lettau (1958)[18]
  • Lepraria cryophila Lendemer (2010)[10]
  • Lepraria cryptovouauxii Kukwa, Flakus & Guzow-Krzemińska (2019)[19]
  • Lepraria cupressicola (Hue) J.R.Laundon (2008)[20]
  • Lepraria dibenzofuranica Elix (2008)[21] – Austrália
  • Lepraria diffusa (J.R.Laundon) Kukwa (2002)
  • Lepraria disjuncta Lendemer (2010)[10]
  • Lepraria ecorticata (J.R.Laundon) Kukwa (2006)
  • Lepraria elobata Tønsberg (1992)[22]
  • Lepraria finkii (B.de Lesd.) R.C.Harris (1985)
  • Lepraria friabilis Lendemer, K.Knudsen & Elix (2008)[23]
  • Lepraria gelida Tønsberg & Zhurb. (2006)[24]
  • Lepraria glaucosorediata Flakus & Kukwa (2009)[25]
  • Lepraria goughensis Elix & Øvstedal (2005)[26]
  • Lepraria gracilescens (Nyl.) Lendemer & B.P.Hodk. (2013)
  • Lepraria granulata Slav.-Bay. (2007)[27] – Europa Oriental e Central
  • Lepraria granulosa Slav.-Bay. (2007)
  • Lepraria harrisiana Lendemer (2012)[28]
  • Lepraria hodkinsoniana Lendemer (2011)
  • Lepraria humida Slav.-Bay. & Orange (2006)[16]
  • Lepraria impossibilis Sipman (2004)
  • Lepraria incana (L.) Ach. (1803)
  • Lepraria indica Rajesh Bajpai & Upreti (2018)[29] – Índia
  • Lepraria isidiata (Llimona) Llimona & A.Crespo (2004)
  • Lepraria jackii Tønsberg (1992)[22]
  • Lepraria juanfernandezii M.Kukwa (2019)[30]
  • Lepraria lanata Tønsberg (2007)[31]
  • Lepraria larrainiana Lendemer (2010)[32] – Chile
  • Lepraria lecanorica Tønsberg (2004)[33]
  • Lepraria lendemeri Bungartz, Elix, G.Hillmann & Kalb (2013)
  • Lepraria leprolomopsis Diederich & Sérus. (1997)[34]
  • Lepraria leuckertiana (Zedda) L.Saag (2009)
  • Lepraria lobata Elix & Kalb (2006)[35] – Austrália
  • Lepraria lobificans Nyl. (1873)
  • Lepraria maderensis Kukwa & Flakus (2011)
  • Lepraria malouina Øvstedal (2012)[36] – Ilhas Malvinas
  • Lepraria membranacea (Dicks.) Vain. (1921)
  • Lepraria methylbarbatica Elix (2008)
  • Lepraria multiacida Aptroot (2002)[37] – Brasil
  • Lepraria neojackii Flakus & Kukwa (2007)[6] – South America
  • Lepraria neozelandica Barcenas-Peña, Grewe & Lumbsch (2021)[17] – Nova Zelândia
  • Lepraria nigrocincta Diederich, Sérus. & Aptroot (1997)
  • Lepraria nivalis J.R.Laundon (1992)[15]
  • Lepraria normandinoides Lendemer & R.C.Harris (2007)
  • Lepraria nothofagi Elix & Kukwa (2010)[38]
  • Lepraria nylanderiana Kümmerl. & Leuckert (1995)[39]
  • Lepraria ohmiensis Kashiw., Keis. Kobay. & K.H.Moon (2009)[40] – Japão
  • Lepraria oxybapha Lendemer (2012)[41]
  • Lepraria pacifica Lendemer (2011)[42]
  • Lepraria pallida Sipman (2004)[43]
  • Lepraria pseudoarbuscula (Asahina) Lendemer & B.P.Hodk. (2013)
  • Lepraria pulchra Orange & Wolseley (2005)[9] – Tailândia
  • Lepraria rigidula (B.de Lesd.) Tønsberg (1992)[22]
  • Lepraria salazinica Tønsberg (2007)[31]
  • Lepraria santosii Argüello & A.Crespo (2006)[44]
  • Lepraria sekikaica Elix (2011)[45] – Austrália
  • Lepraria sipmaniana (Kümmerl. & Leuckert) Kukwa (2002)
  • Lepraria squamatica Elix (2006)[46] – Austrália
  • Lepraria subalbicans (I.M.Lamb) Lendemer & B.P.Hodk. (2013)
  • Lepraria sulphurella Räsänen (1949)
  • Lepraria svalbardensis Tønsberg (2009)
  • Lepraria sylvicola Orange (2006)[16]
  • Lepraria tenella (Tuck.) Lendemer & B.P.Hodk. (2013)
  • Lepraria toilenae Kantvilas & Kukwa (2006)[47]
  • Lepraria torii Pérez-Ort. & T.Sprib. (2009)[48]
  • Lepraria umbricola Tønsberg (1992)[22]
  • Lepraria ulrikii Grewe, Barcenas-Peña, R.Diaz & Lumbsch (2021)[17] – Australásia
  • Lepraria vouauxii (Hue) R.C.Harris (1987)
  • Lepraria xanthonica Lendemer (2010)[10]
  • Lepraria xerophila Tønsberg (2004)[49]
  • Lepraria zeorinica (L.Saag) Kukwa (2009)

Referências

  1. ↑ a b A taxonomic revision of the North American species of Lepraria s.l. that produce divaricatic acid, with notes on the type species of the genus L. incana, James C. Lendemer , Mycologia 103(6): 1216-1229,
  2. ↑ a b c d e Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, ISBN 978-0-300-19500-2
  3. ↑ «Dust Lichen - Lepraria - Overview - Encyclopedia of Life». Encyclopedia of Life (em inglês). Consultado em 12 de novembro de 2025. Cópia arquivada em 25 de junho de 2016 
  4. ↑ «USDA Plants Database». plants.usda.gov. Consultado em 12 de novembro de 2025 
  5. ↑ Fehrer, Judith; Slavíková-Bayerová, Štěpánka; Orange, Alan (2008). «Large genetic divergence of new, morphologically similar species of sterile lichens from Europe (Lepraria, Stereocaulaceae, Ascomycota): concordance of DNA sequence data with secondary metabolites». Cladistics. 24 (4): 443–458. PMID 34879629. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2008.00216.xAcessível livremente 
  6. ↑ a b Flakus, Adam; Elix, John A.; Rodriguez, Pamela; Kukwa, Martin (2007). «New species and records of Lepraria (Stereocaulaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) from South America». The Lichenologist. 43 (1): 57–66. doi:10.1017/S0024282910000502 
  7. ↑ Elix, J.A. (2013). «New crustose lichen taxa (lichenized Ascomycota) from Australia». Australasian Lichenology. 73: 45–53 
  8. ↑ Orange, A. (2001). «Lepraria atlantica, a new species from the British Isles». The Lichenologist. 33 (6): 461–465. doi:10.1006/lich.2001.0361 
  9. ↑ a b Orange, Alan; Wolseley, Patricia (2005). «Two new thamnolic acid-containing Lepraria species from Thailand». The Lichenologist. 37 (3): 247–250. doi:10.1017/S0024282905015136 
  10. ↑ a b c d Lendemer, James C. (2010). «Notes on Lepraria s.l. (Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota) in North America: New species, new reports, and preliminary keys». Brittonia. 62 (3): 267–292. JSTOR 40980940. doi:10.1007/s12228-010-9142-4 
  11. ↑ Tønsberg, T. (2002). «Notes on non-corticolous Lepraria s. lat. in Norway». Graphis Scripta. 13 (2): 45–51 
  12. ↑ Lohtander, K. (1994). «The genus Lepraria in Finland». Annales Botanici Fennici. 31 (4): 223–231 
  13. ↑ Lendemer, J.C.; Tønsberg, T. (2014). «Lepraria brodoi (Stereocaulaceae, Lichenized Ascomycetes), a new species from the temperate rainforests of western Canada and southeastern Alaska, U.S.A.». Opuscula Philolichenum. 13: 20–25 
  14. ↑ Lendemer, J.C. (2005). «Lichens of Eastern North America Exsiccati. Fascicle IV, nos. 151–200». Opuscula Philolichenum. 2: 37–52 
  15. ↑ a b Laundon, Jack R. (1992). «Lepraria in the British Isles». The Lichenologist. 24 (4): 315–350. doi:10.1017/S002428299200046X 
  16. ↑ a b c Slavíková-Bayerová, Štěpánka; Orange, Alan (2006). «Three new species of Lepraria (Ascomycota, Stereocaulaceae) containing fatty acids and atranorin». The Lichenologist. 38 (6): 503–513. doi:10.1017/S0024282906006177 
  17. ↑ a b c Barcenas-Peña, Alejandrina; Diaz, Rudy; Grewe, Felix; Widhelm, Todd; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten (2021). «Contributions to the phylogeny of Lepraria (Stereocaulaceae) species from the Southern Hemisphere, including three new species». The Bryologist. 124 (4): 494–505. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-124.4.494 
  18. ↑ Lettau, G. (1958). «Flechten aus Mitteleuropa XIV». Feddes Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis (em alemão). 61 (2): 105–171 
  19. ↑ Guzow-Krzemińska, Beata; Jabłońska, Agnieszka; Flakus, Adam; Rodriguez-Flakus, Pamela; Kosecka, Magdalena; Kukwa, Martin (2019). «Phylogenetic placement of Lepraria cryptovouauxii sp. nov. (Lecanorales, Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota) with notes on other Lepraria species from South America». MycoKeys. 53: 1–22. PMC 6536479Acessível livremente. PMID 31160883. doi:10.3897/mycokeys.53.33508Acessível livremente 
  20. ↑ Laundon, Jack Rodney (2008). «Some synonyms in Chrysothrix and Lepraria». The Lichenologist. 40 (5): 411–414. doi:10.1017/S0024282908007238 
  21. ↑ Elix, J.A. (2008). «Additional new lichen taxa (lichenized Ascomycota) from Australia». Australasian Lichenology. 63: 30–36 
  22. ↑ a b c d Tønsberg, Tor (1992). The Sorediate and Isidiate, Corticolous, Crustose Lichens in Norway. Col: Sommerfeltia. 14. Oslo: Botanical Garden and Museum, University of Oslo. ISBN 82-7420-015-2 
  23. ↑ Lendemer, James C.; Knudsen, Kerry; Elix, John A. (2008). «Lepraria friabilis, a new species from eastern North America» (PDF). Opuscula Philolichenum. 5: 61–66. Consultado em 31 de janeiro de 2025. Arquivado do original (PDF) em 20 de novembro de 2008 
  24. ↑ Tønsberg, T.; Zhurbenko, M. (2006). «Lepraria gelida, a new species from the Arctic». Graphis Scripta. 18: 64 
  25. ↑ Kukwa, Martin; Flakus, Adam (2009). «Lepraria glaucosorediata sp. nov. (Stereocaulacae, lichenized Ascomycota) and other interesting records of Lepraria». Mycotaxon. 108 (1): 353–364. doi:10.5248/108.353Acessível livremente 
  26. ↑ Elix, John A.; Øvstedal, Dag Olav; Gremmen, Niek J.M. (2005). «A new Lepraria species from Gough Island, South Atlantic Ocean». Mycotaxon. 93: 273–275 
  27. ↑ Slavíková-Bayerová, Štěpánka; Fehrer, Judith (2007). «New species of the Lepraria neglecta group (Stereocaulaceae, Ascomycota) from Europe». The Lichenologist. 39 (4): 319–327. doi:10.1017/s0024282907006688 
  28. ↑ Lendemer, J.C. (2012). «Perspectives on chemotaxonomy: molecular data confirm the existence of two morphologically distinct species within a chemically defined Lepraria caesiella (Stereocaulaceae)». Castanea. 77 (1): 89–105. doi:10.2179/11-042 
  29. ↑ Baajpai, R.; Nayaka, S.; Upreti, D.K. (2018). «The Lichen genera Lepraria (Stereocaulaceae) and Leprocaulon (Leprocaulaceae) in India». Phytotaxa. 356 (2): 101–116. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.356.2.1 
  30. ↑ Kukwa, Martin (2018). «Lepraria juanfernandezii, a new lichen species from the Southern Hemisphere». Plant and Fungal Systematics. 64 (2): 233–235. doi:10.2478/pfs-2019-0019Acessível livremente 
  31. ↑ a b Tønsberg, T. (2007). «Notes on the lLichen genus Lepraria in Great Smoky Mountains National Park; southeastern North America: Lepraria lanata and L. salazinica spp. nov.». Opuscula Philolichenum. 4: 51–54 
  32. ↑ Lendemer, James C. (2010). «Lepraria larrainiana (Stereocaulaceae, lichenized Ascomycetes), a new species from central Chile». Gayana Botánica. 67 (2): 238–241. doi:10.4067/S0717-66432010000200010Acessível livremente 
  33. ↑ Tønsberg, T. (2004). «Lepraria». In: Nash III, T.H.; Ryan, B.D.; Diederich, P.; Gries, C.; Bungartz, F. Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region. 2. Tempe, Arizona: Lichens Unlimited, Arizona State University. p. 326. ISBN 978-0-9716759-1-9 
  34. ↑ Aptroot, André; Diederich, Paul; Sérusiaux, Emmanuel; Sipman, Harrie J.M. (1997). Lichens and lichenicolous fungi from New Guinea. Col: Bibliotheca Lichenologica. 64. Berlin/Stuttgart: J. Cramer. pp. 76–77. ISBN 978-3-443-58043-8 
  35. ↑ Elix, J.A. (2006). «New species of sterile crustose lichens from Australasia». Mycotaxon. 94: 219–224 
  36. ↑ Fryday, Alan M.; Øvstedal, Dag O. (2012). «New species, combinations and records of lichenized fungi from the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)». The Lichenologist. 44 (4): 483–500. doi:10.1017/s0024282912000163 
  37. ↑ Aptroot, A. (2002). «New and interesting lichens and lichenicolous fungi in Brazil» (PDF). Fungal Diversity. 9 (1): 15–45 
  38. ↑ Flakus, Adam; Elix, John A.; Rodriguez, Pamela; Kukwa, Martin (2011). «New species and records of Lepraria (Stereocaulaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) from South America». The Lichenologist. 43 (1): 57–66. doi:10.1017/S0024282910000502 
  39. ↑ Leuckert, C.; Kümmerling, H.; Wirth, V. (1995). «Chemotaxonomy of Lepraria Ach. and Leproloma Nyl. ex Crombie, with particular reference to Central Europe». Bibliotheca Lichenologica. 58: 245–259 
  40. ↑ Kashiwadani, H.; Kobayashi, K.; Moon, K.H. (2009). «New or noteworthy species of lichens from Shiga Prefecture, central Japan». Journal of Japanese Botany. 84 (4): 255–258 
  41. ↑ Lendemer, J.C. (2012). «A tale of two species: molecular data reveal the chemotypes of Lepraria normandinoides (Stereocaulaceae) to be two sympatric species». Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society. 139 (2): 118–130 
  42. ↑ Lendemer, James C. (2011). «A taxonomic revision of the North American species of Lepraria s.l. that produce divaricatic acid, with notes on the type species of the genus L. incana». Mycologia. 103 (6): 1216–1229. doi:10.3852/11-032 
  43. ↑ Sipman, H.J.M. (2004). «Survey of Lepraria-like lichens with lobes thallus margins in the tropics». Herzogia. 17: 23–35 
  44. ↑ Crespo, Ana; Arguello, Arturo; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten; Llimona, Xavier; Tønsberg, Tor (2006). «A new species of Lepraria (Lecanorales: Stereocaulaceae) from the Canary Islands and the typification of Lepraria isidiata». The Lichenologist. 38 (3): 213–221. doi:10.1017/s0024282906005846 
  45. ↑ Lumbsch, H.T.; Ahti, T.; Altermann, S.; De Paz, G.A.; Aptroot, A.; Arup, U.; et al. (2011). «One hundred new species of lichenized fungi: a signature of undiscovered global diversity». Phytotaxa. 18 (1): 81–82. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.18.1.1Acessível livremente. hdl:11336/4198Acessível livremente 
  46. ↑ Elix, J.A. (2006). «A new species of Lepraria (lichenized Ascomycota) from Australia». Australasian Lichenology. 58: 20–23 
  47. ↑ Kantvilas, G.; Kukwa, M. (2006). «A new species of Lepraria (lichenized Ascomycetes) from Tasmania's wet forests». Muelleria. 23: 3–6 
  48. ↑ Pérez-Ortega, S.; Spribille, T. (2009). «Lepraria torii, a new epiphytic species with fumarprotocetraric acid from northwest North America». Graphis Scripta. 21 (2): 36–41 
  49. ↑ Nash, T.H. III; Ryan, B.D.; Diederich, P.; Gries, C.; Bungartz, F. (2004). Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region. 2. Tempe: Lichens Unlimited, Arizona State University. 665 páginas. ISBN 978-0-9716759-1-9 
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