Gymnothorax

Gymnothorax
	Gymnothorax maderensis
	Gymnothorax tile
Classificação científica
Reino:	Animalia
Filo:	Chordata
Classe:	Actinopterygii
Ordem:	Anguilliformes
Família:	Muraenidae
Subfamília:	Muraeninae
Gênero:	Gymnothorax; Bloch, 1795
Espécie-tipo
	Gymnothorax reticularis; Bloch, 1795

Gymnothorax é um género de peixes anguiliformes da família Muraenidae com distribuição natural nas águas costeiras das regiões tropicais e subtropicais do Atlântico e do Indo-Pacífico.

Espécies

O género Gymnothorax agrupa 128 espécies validamente descritas:^[2]^[3] Entretanto, cada banco de dados inclui três espécies que o outro não lista, as quais estão listadas abaixo.

Gymnothorax afer Bloch, 1795
Gymnothorax albimarginatus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)
Gymnothorax andamanensis Mohapatra, Kiruba-Sankar, Praveenraj & Mohanty, 2019^[4]
Gymnothorax angusticauda (M. C. W. Weber & de Beaufort, 1916)
Gymnothorax angusticeps (Hildebrand & F. O. Barton, 1949)
Gymnothorax annasona Whitley, 1937
Gymnothorax annulatus D. G. Smith & E. B. Böhlke, 1997
Gymnothorax arabicus D. G. Smith, Bogorodsky, Dandar & Zajonz, 2024^[5]
Gymnothorax atolli (Pietschmann, 1935)
Gymnothorax aurocephalus Nashad, Mohapatra, Varghese & Bineesh, 2020^[6]
Gymnothorax australicola Lavenberg, 1992
Gymnothorax austrinus E. B. Böhlke & McCosker, 2001
Gymnothorax bacalladoi E. B. Böhlke & Brito, 1987
Gymnothorax baranesi D. G. Smith, Brokovich & Einbinder, 2008
Gymnothorax bathyphilus J. E. Randall & McCosker, 1975
Gymnothorax berndti Snyder, 1904
Gymnothorax breedeni McCosker & J. E. Randall, 1977
Gymnothorax buroensis (Bleeker, 1857)
Gymnothorax castaneus (D. S. Jordan & C. H. Gilbert, 1883)
Gymnothorax castlei E. B. Böhlke & J. E. Randall, 1999
Gymnothorax cephalospilus E. B. Böhlke & McCosker, 2001
Gymnothorax chilospilus Bleeker, 1864 (Lip-spot moray)
Gymnothorax chlamydatus Snyder, 1908 (Banded mud moray)
Gymnothorax conspersus Poey, 1867
Gymnothorax cribroris Whitley, 1932
Gymnothorax davidsmithi McCosker & J. E. Randall, 2008
Gymnothorax dorsalis Seale, 1917
Gymnothorax dovii (Günther, 1870)
Gymnothorax elaineheemstrae Sithole, Smith, Mwale & Gouws, 2020^[7]
Gymnothorax elegans Bliss, 1883
Gymnothorax emmae Prokofiev, 2010^[8]
Gymnothorax enigmaticus McCosker & J. E. Randall, 1982
Gymnothorax equatorialis (Hildebrand, 1946)
Gymnothorax eurostus (C. C. Abbott, 1860)
Gymnothorax eurygnathos E. B. Böhlke, 2001
Gymnothorax favagineus Bloch & J. G. Schneider, 1801
Gymnothorax fimbriatus (E. T. Bennett, 1832)
Gymnothorax flavimarginatus (Rüppell, 1830)
Gymnothorax flavoculus (E. B. Böhlke & J. E. Randall, 1996)
Gymnothorax formosus Bleeker, 1864
Gymnothorax funebris Ranzani, 1839
Gymnothorax fuscomaculatus (L. P. Schultz, 1953)
Gymnothorax gracilicauda O. P. Jenkins, 1903
Gymnothorax griseus (Lacépède, 1803)
Gymnothorax hansi Heemstra, 2004
Gymnothorax hepaticus (Rüppell, 1830)
Gymnothorax herrei Beebe & Tee-Van, 1933
Gymnothorax hubbsi J. E. Böhlke & E. B. Böhlke, 1977
Gymnothorax indicus Mohapatra, D. Ray, D. G. Smith & Mishra, 2016^[9]
Gymnothorax intesi (Fourmanoir & Rivaton, 1979)
Gymnothorax isingteena (J. Richardson, 1845)
Gymnothorax javanicus (Bleeker, 1859)
Gymnothorax johnsoni (J. L. B. Smith, 1962)
Gymnothorax kidako (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)
Gymnothorax kolpos J. E. Böhlke & E. B. Böhlke, 1980
Gymnothorax kontodontos E. B. Böhlke, 2000
Gymnothorax longinquus (Whitley, 1948)
Gymnothorax maderensis (J. Y. Johnson, 1862)
Gymnothorax mareei Poll, 1953
Gymnothorax margaritophorus Bleeker, 1864
Gymnothorax marshallensis (L. P. Schultz, 1953)
Gymnothorax mccoskeri D. G. Smith & E. B. Böhlke, 1997
Gymnothorax megaspilus E. B. Böhlke & J. E. Randall, 1995
Gymnothorax melanosomatus K. H. Loh, K. T. Shao & H. M. Chen, 2011^[10]
Gymnothorax melatremus L. P. Schultz, 1953
Gymnothorax meleagris (G. Shaw, 1795)
Gymnothorax microspila (Günther, 1870)
Gymnothorax microstictus E. B. Böhlke, 2000
Gymnothorax miliaris (Kaup, 1856)
Gymnothorax minor (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)
Gymnothorax mishrai D. Ray, Mohapatra & D. G. Smith, 2015^[11]
Gymnothorax moluccensis (Bleeker, 1864)
Gymnothorax monochrous (Bleeker, 1856)
Gymnothorax monostigma (Regan, 1909)
Gymnothorax mordax (Ayres, 1859)
Gymnothorax moringa (G. Cuvier, 1829)
Gymnothorax mucifer Snyder, 1904
Gymnothorax nasuta F. de Buen, 1961
Gymnothorax neglectus S. Tanaka (I), 1911
Gymnothorax nigromarginatus (Girard, 1858)
Gymnothorax niphostigmus H. M. Chen, K. T. Shao & C. T. Chen, 1996
Gymnothorax nubilus (J. Richardson, 1848)
Gymnothorax nudivomer (Günther, 1867)
Gymnothorax nuttingi Snyder, 1904
Gymnothorax obesus (Whitley, 1932)
Gymnothorax ocellatus Agassiz, 1831
Gymnothorax odishi Mohapatra, Mohanty, Smith, Mishra, and Roy, 2018^[12]
Gymnothorax panamensis (Steindachner, 1876)
Gymnothorax parini Collette, D. G. Smith & E. B. Böhlke, 1991
Gymnothorax phalarus W. A. Bussing, 1998
Gymnothorax pharaonis D. G. Smith, et. al. 2019
Gymnothorax phasmatodes (J. L. B. Smith], 1962)
Gymnothorax philippinus D. S. Jordan & Seale, 1907
Gymnothorax pictus (J. N. Ahl, 1789)
Gymnothorax pikei Bliss, 1883
Gymnothorax pindae J. L. B. Smith, 1962
Gymnothorax poikilospilus Chen & Huang, 2022
Gymnothorax polygonius Poey, 1875
Gymnothorax polyspondylus E. B. Böhlke & J. E. Randall, 2000
Gymnothorax polyuranodon (Bleeker, 1854)
Gymnothorax porphyreus (Guichenot, 1848)
Gymnothorax prasinus (J. Richardson, 1848)
Gymnothorax prionodon J. D. Ogilby, 1895
Gymnothorax prismodon E. B. Böhlke & J. E. Randall, 2000
Gymnothorax prolatus K. Sasaki & Amaoka, 1991
Gymnothorax pseudoherrei E. B. Böhlke, 2000
Gymnothorax pseudokidako Huang, Loh & Liao, 2021
Gymnothorax pseudomelanosomatus K. H. Loh, K. T. Shao & H. M. Chen, 2015 (False black-body moray)^[13]
Gymnothorax pseudothyrsoideus (Bleeker, 1853)
Gymnothorax pseudotile Mohapatra, Smith, Ray, Mishra & Mohanty, 2017
Gymnothorax punctatofasciatus Bleeker, 1863
Gymnothorax punctatus Bloch & J. G. Schneider, 1801
Gymnothorax randalli D. G. Smith & E. B. Böhlke, 1997
Gymnothorax reevesii (J. Richardson, 1845)
Gymnothorax reticularis Bloch, 1795
Gymnothorax richardsonii (Bleeker, 1852)
Gymnothorax robinsi E. B. Böhlke, 1997
Gymnothorax rueppelliae (McClelland, 1844)
Gymnothorax ryukyuensis Hatooka, 2003
Gymnothorax sagenodeta (Richardson, 1848)
Gymnothorax sagmacephalus E. B. Böhlke, 1997
Gymnothorax saxicola D. S. Jordan & B. M. Davis, 1891
Gymnothorax serratidens (Hildebrand & F. O. Barton, 1949)
Gymnothorax shaoi H. M. Chen & K. H. Loh, 2007
Gymnothorax sokotrensis Kotthaus, 1968
Gymnothorax steindachneri D. S. Jordan & Evermann, 1903
Gymnothorax taiwanensis H. M. Chen, K. H. Loh & K. T. Shao, 2008
Gymnothorax tamilnaduensis Kodeeswaran, Kantharajan, Mohapatra, Kumar & Sarkar 2023
Gymnothorax thyrsoideus (J. Richardson, 1845)
Gymnothorax tile (F. Hamilton, 1822)
Gymnothorax undulatus (Lacépède, 1803)
Gymnothorax unicolor (Delaroche, 1809)
Gymnothorax vagrans (Seale, 1917)
Gymnothorax verrilli (D. S. Jordan & C. H. Gilbert, 1883)
Gymnothorax vicinus (Castelnau, 1855)
Gymnothorax visakhaensis Mohapatra, Smith, Mohanty, Mishra & Tudu, 2017
Gymnothorax walvisensis Prokofiev, 2009
Gymnothorax woodwardi McCulloch, 1912
Gymnothorax ypsilon Hatooka & J. E. Randall, 1992
Gymnothorax zonipectis Seale, 1906

Galeria

Gymnothorax afer
Gymnothorax albimarginatus
Gymnothorax bacalladoi
Gymnothorax berndti
Gymnothorax breedeni
Gymnothorax castaneus
Gymnothorax chilospilus
Gymnothorax conspersus
Murène léopard (Gymnothorax favagineus)
Gymnothorax fimbriatus
Murène à taches jaunes (Gymnothorax flavimarginatus)
Gymnothorax funebris
Gymnothorax griseus
Gymnothorax isingteena
Gymnothorax javanicus
Gymnothorax kidako
Gymnothorax kolpos
Gymnothorax maderensis
Gymnothorax margaritophorus
Gymnothorax melanospilos
Gymnothorax meleagris
Gymnothorax miliaris
Murène de Californie (Gymnothorax mordax)
Gymnothorax moringa
Gymnothorax nubilus
Murène à gueule jaune (Gymnothorax nudivomer)
Gymnothorax pictus
Gymnothorax polygonius
Gymnothorax prasinus
Gymnothorax prionodon
Gymnothorax reticularis
Gymnothorax rueppelliae
Gymnothorax saxicola
Gymnothorax thyrsoideus
Gymnothorax tile
Gymnothorax undulatus
Gymnothorax unicolor
Gymnothorax vicinus
Gymnothorax zonipectis

Referências

↑ Jordan, David Starr (1926). «Opinion 93: Twelve generic names of fishes placed in the official list, by suspension of the rules». Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. 73 (4): 5–11
↑ Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2006). Espécies de Gymnothorax em FishBase. Versão de Abril de 2006.
↑ «Gymnothorax Bloch, 1795». World Register of Marine Species
↑ Mohapatra, Anil; Kiruba-Sankar, R.; Praveenraj, J.; Mohanty, Swarup Ranjan (27 de agosto de 2019). «A new short brown unpatterned moray eel Gymnothorax andamanensis (Muraenidae: Muraeninae) from Andaman waters, India». Zootaxa (em inglês). 4661 (1): 189–196. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 31716725. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4661.1.11
↑ David G. Smith; Sergey V. Bogorodsky; James Dandar; Uwe Zanjonz (2024). «A new species of short unpatterned moray eel (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) from the northwestern Indian Ocean, including the Socotra Archipelago, with a redescription of Gymnothorax pseudoherrei Böhlke». Zootaxa. 5477 (4): 465-474. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5477.4.4
↑ Nashad, M.; Mohapatra, Anil; Varghese, Sijo P.; Ramalingam, L.; K, Bineesh K.; Mohanty, Swarup Ranjan (10 de novembro de 2020). «A new white-spotted moray eel, Gymnothorax aurocephalus sp. nov. (Muraenidae: Muraeninae) from Andaman Sea, India». Zootaxa (em inglês). 4877 (2): 361–372. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 33311194. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4877.2.8
↑ Sithole, Yonela; Smith, David G.; Mwale, Monica; Gouws, Gavin (2020). «A Taxonomic Revision of Gymnothorax undulatus (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) in the Western Indian Ocean, with Description of A New Species». Zootaxa. 4767 (1): 161–181. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4767.1.7
↑ Prokofiev, A.M. (2010): Two New Species of Fishes from Families Muraenidae (Anguilliformes) and Mugiloididae (Perciformes) from the Waters of Vietnam. Arquivado em 2016-03-03 no Wayback Machine Journal of Ichthyology, 50 (8): 580-589.
↑ Mohapatra, A., Ray, D., Smith, D.G. & Mishra, S.S. (2016): A new species of elongate unpatterned moray eel of the genus Gymnothorax (Muraenidae: Muraeninae) from the Bay of Bengal. Zootaxa, 4150 (5): 591–598.
↑ Loh, K.-H., Shao, K.-T. & Chen, H.-M. (2011): Gymnothorax melanosomatus, a new moray eel (Teleostei: Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) from southeastern Taiwan. Zootaxa, 3134: 43–52.
↑ Ray, D., Mohapatra, A. & Smith, D.G. (2015): A new species of Short Brown Unpatterned Moray Eel of the Genus Gymnothorax (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) from the Bay of Bengal. Zootaxa, 4027 (1): 140–144.
↑ Mohapatra, A., S. R. Mohanty, D. G. Smith, S. S. Mishra and S. Roy 2018. Gymnothorax odishi sp. nov. (Muraenidae: Muraeninae), a short brown unpatterned moray eel from Bay of Bengal, India. Zootaxa 4420 (no. 1): 123-130.
↑ Loh, K.-H., Shao, K.-T., Ho, H.-C., Lim, P.-E. & Chen, H.-M. (2015): A new species of moray eel (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) from Taiwan, with comments on related elongate unpatterned species. Zootaxa, 4060 (1): 30-40.

Fontes

Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2006). Espécies de Gymnothorax em FishBase. Versão de maio de 2006.

Ligações externas

Referência World Register of Marine Species : taxon Gymnothorax Bloch, 1795 (em inglês) (+lista espécies)
Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2006). Espécies de {{{genus}}} em FishBase. Versão de Abril de 2006.
«Gymnothorax Bloch, 1795» (em inglês). ITIS (www.itis.gov)
(em inglês) Animal Diversity Web : Gymnothorax
uBio: Gymnothorax sp.
«Gymnothorax» (em inglês). NCBI
ouvrage de référence (em francês)

[1] Jordan, David Starr (1926). «Opinion 93: Twelve generic names of fishes placed in the official list, by suspension of the rules». Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. 73 (4): 5–11

[FB-2] Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2006). Espécies de Gymnothorax em FishBase. Versão de Abril de 2006.

[WoRMS-3] «Gymnothorax Bloch, 1795». World Register of Marine Species

[4] Mohapatra, Anil; Kiruba-Sankar, R.; Praveenraj, J.; Mohanty, Swarup Ranjan (27 de agosto de 2019). «A new short brown unpatterned moray eel Gymnothorax andamanensis (Muraenidae: Muraeninae) from Andaman waters, India». Zootaxa (em inglês). 4661 (1): 189–196. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 31716725. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4661.1.11

[Smith2024-5] David G. Smith; Sergey V. Bogorodsky; James Dandar; Uwe Zanjonz (2024). «A new species of short unpatterned moray eel (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) from the northwestern Indian Ocean, including the Socotra Archipelago, with a redescription of Gymnothorax pseudoherrei Böhlke». Zootaxa. 5477 (4): 465-474. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5477.4.4

[6] Nashad, M.; Mohapatra, Anil; Varghese, Sijo P.; Ramalingam, L.; K, Bineesh K.; Mohanty, Swarup Ranjan (10 de novembro de 2020). «A new white-spotted moray eel, Gymnothorax aurocephalus sp. nov. (Muraenidae: Muraeninae) from Andaman Sea, India». Zootaxa (em inglês). 4877 (2): 361–372. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 33311194. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4877.2.8

[7] Sithole, Yonela; Smith, David G.; Mwale, Monica; Gouws, Gavin (2020). «A Taxonomic Revision of Gymnothorax undulatus (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) in the Western Indian Ocean, with Description of A New Species». Zootaxa. 4767 (1): 161–181. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4767.1.7

[Prokofiev2010-8] Prokofiev, A.M. (2010): Two New Species of Fishes from Families Muraenidae (Anguilliformes) and Mugiloididae (Perciformes) from the Waters of Vietnam. Arquivado em 2016-03-03 no Wayback Machine Journal of Ichthyology, 50 (8): 580-589.

[Mohapatra2016-9] Mohapatra, A., Ray, D., Smith, D.G. & Mishra, S.S. (2016): A new species of elongate unpatterned moray eel of the genus Gymnothorax (Muraenidae: Muraeninae) from the Bay of Bengal. Zootaxa, 4150 (5): 591–598.

[Loh2011-10] Loh, K.-H., Shao, K.-T. & Chen, H.-M. (2011): Gymnothorax melanosomatus, a new moray eel (Teleostei: Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) from southeastern Taiwan. Zootaxa, 3134: 43–52.

[Ray2015-11] Ray, D., Mohapatra, A. & Smith, D.G. (2015): A new species of Short Brown Unpatterned Moray Eel of the Genus Gymnothorax (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) from the Bay of Bengal. Zootaxa, 4027 (1): 140–144.

[12] Mohapatra, A., S. R. Mohanty, D. G. Smith, S. S. Mishra and S. Roy 2018. Gymnothorax odishi sp. nov. (Muraenidae: Muraeninae), a short brown unpatterned moray eel from Bay of Bengal, India. Zootaxa 4420 (no. 1): 123-130.

[Loh2015-13] Loh, K.-H., Shao, K.-T., Ho, H.-C., Lim, P.-E. & Chen, H.-M. (2015): A new species of moray eel (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) from Taiwan, with comments on related elongate unpatterned species. Zootaxa, 4060 (1): 30-40.

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