Antígeno nuclear de célula proliferante
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O antigénio nuclear de proliferação celular (PCNA) é um braçadeira do ADN que atua como um fator de processividade para a DNA polimerase δ em células eucarióticas e é essencial para a replicação do DNA.
O PCNA é um homotrímero (constituído por três unidades de PCNA) e deve a sua processividade ao ADN circundante como um anel ou grampo, onde atua como um arcabouço que recruta proteínas envolvidas na replicação do ADN, reparação do ADN, remodelação da cromatina e epigenética.[1]
Muitas proteínas interagem com o PCNA através do chamado motivo de interação com o PCNA, a caixa de peptídeos que interagem com o PCNA (caixa PIP).[2] e motivo que interage com o homólogo 2 de PCNA de AlkB (APIM, motivo de interação com PCNA do homólogo 2 de AlkB).[3] As proteínas que se ligam ao PCNA através da caixa PIP estão envolvidas principalmente na replicação do ADN, enquanto as que se ligam ao PCNA através do APIM são principalmente importantes no contexto de stress genotóxico.[4]
Função
Nos humanos, esta proteína é codificada pelo gene PCNA no cromossoma 20. A proteína codificada por este gene está localizada no núcleo e é um co-factor da ADN polimerase delta. A proteína codificada atua como um homotrímero e ajuda a aumentar a processabilidade da síntese na cadeia principal durante a replicação do ADN. Em resposta a danos no ADN, esta proteína é ubiquitinada e está envolvida na via de reparação do ADN dependente de RAD6. Foram encontradas duas variantes transcricionais desta proteína codificadas pelo mesmo gene. Além disso, foram descritos pseudogenes deste gene no cromossoma 4 e no cromossoma X.[5]
Proteínas que se unem ao PCNA
Domínio proteico TCP • receptor NKp44 • procaspases [6] • DNA polimerases • clamp loader • endonuclease flap • DNA ligase • topoisomerase • fator de licenciamento de replicação (fator de licenciamento de replicação) • ubiquitina ligases E3 • proteína SUMO enzima de conjugação E2 • helicases, ATPases • reparação de incompatibilidades enzimas (emparelhamentos de bases não complementares) • reparação de excisão de bases • reparação de excisão de nucleótidos • poli ADP ribose polimerase • histona acetiltransferase • fator de remodelação da cromatina • histona acetiltransferase • histona desacetiltransferase • DNA metiltransferase • fatores de coesão da cromátide irmã • proteína quinases • reguladores do ciclo celular • factores apoptóticos.[1]
Interações
Foi demonstrado que o PCNA interage com:
- Anexina A2,[7]
- CDC25C,[8]
- CHTF18,[7]
- Ciclina D1,[9][10]
- Ciclina O,[7][11]
- Quinase dependente de ciclina 4,[10][12]
- Inibidor da quinase dependente de ciclicna 1C,[13]
- DNMT1,[14][15][16]
- EP300,[17]
- Endonuclease específica da estrutura flap 1,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24]
- GADD45A,[25][26][27][28][29]
- GADD45G,[30][31]
- HDAC1,[32]
- HUS1,[33]
- ING1,[34]
- KCTD13,[35]
- KIAA0101,[24]
- Ku70,[7][36]
- Ku80,[7][36][37]
- MCL1,[38]
- MSH3,[7][39][40]
- MSH6,[7][39][40]
- MUTYH,[41]
- P21,[13][20][24][42][43][44][45][46]
- POLD2,[47]
- POLD3,[7][48]
- POLDIP2,[49]
- POLH,[50]
- POLL,[51][52][53]
- RFC1,[7][42][54][55][56]
- RFC2,[7][57][58]
- RFC3,[7][59]
- RFC4,[7][57]
- RFC5,[7][55][57]
- Ubiquitina C[60][61][62]
- Helicase dependente de ATP da síndrome de Werner,[63][64]
- XRCC1,[65] and
- Proteína de união á caixa Y 1.[66]
As proteínas que interagem com o PCNA via APIM incluem o homólogo humano AlkB 2, TFIIS-L, TFII-I, Rad51B,[67] XPA,[68] ZRANB3,[69] e FBH1.[70]
Referências
- ↑ a b Moldovan GL, Pfander B, Jentsch S (maio de 2007). «PCNA, the maestro of the replication fork». Cell. 129 (4): 665–679. PMID 17512402. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.05.003
- ↑ Warbrick E (Mar 1998). «PCNA binding through a conserved motif.». BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology. 20 (3): 195–9. PMID 9631646. doi:10.1002/(sici)1521-1878(199803)20:3<195::aid-bies2>3.0.co;2-r
- ↑ Gilljam KM, Feyzi E, Aas PA, Sousa MM, Müller R, Vågbø CB, Catterall TC, Liabakk NB, Slupphaug G, Drabløs F, Krokan HE, Otterlei M (7 de setembro de 2009). «Identification of a novel, widespread, and functionally important PCNA-binding motif.». The Journal of Cell Biology. 186 (5): 645–54. PMC 2742182. PMID 19736315. doi:10.1083/jcb.200903138
- ↑ Mailand N, Gibbs-Seymour I, Bekker-Jensen S (maio de 2013). «Regulation of PCNA-protein interactions for genome stability.». Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology. 14 (5): 269–82. PMID 23594953. doi:10.1038/nrm3562
- ↑ «Entrez Gene: PCNA proliferating cell nuclear antigen»
- ↑ Witko-Sarsat V, Mocek J, Bouayad D, Tamassia N, Ribeil JA, Candalh C, Davezac N, Reuter N, Mouthon L, Hermine O, Pederzoli-Ribeil M, Cassatella MA (22 de novembro de 2010). «Proliferating cell nuclear antigen acts as a cytoplasmic platform controlling human neutrophil survival.». The Journal of experimental medicine. 207 (12): 2631–45. PMC 2989777. PMID 20975039. doi:10.1084/jem.20092241
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Ohta S, Shiomi Y, Sugimoto K, Obuse C, Tsurimoto T (outubro de 2002). «A proteomics approach to identify proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-binding proteins in human cell lysates. Identification of the human CHL12/RFCs2-5 complex as a novel PCNA-binding protein». J. Biol. Chem. 277 (43): 40362–7. PMID 12171929. doi:10.1074/jbc.M206194200
- ↑ Kawabe T, Suganuma M, Ando T, Kimura M, Hori H, Okamoto T (março de 2002). «Cdc25C interacts with PCNA at G2/M transition». Oncogene. 21 (11): 1717–26. PMID 11896603. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1205229
- ↑ Matsuoka S, Yamaguchi M, Matsukage A (abril de 1994). «D-type cyclin-binding regions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen». J. Biol. Chem. 269 (15): 11030–6. PMID 7908906
- ↑ a b Xiong Y, Zhang H, Beach D (agosto de 1993). «Subunit rearrangement of the cyclin-dependent kinases is associated with cellular transformation». Genes Dev. 7 (8): 1572–83. PMID 8101826. doi:10.1101/gad.7.8.1572
- ↑ Otterlei M, Warbrick E, Nagelhus TA, Haug T, Slupphaug G, Akbari M, Aas PA, Steinsbekk K, Bakke O, Krokan HE (julho de 1999). «Post-replicative base excision repair in replication foci». EMBO J. 18 (13): 3834–44. PMC 1171460. PMID 10393198. doi:10.1093/emboj/18.13.3834
- ↑ Serrano M, Hannon GJ, Beach D (dezembro de 1993). «A new regulatory motif in cell-cycle control causing specific inhibition of cyclin D/CDK4». Nature. 366 (6456): 704–7. PMID 8259215. doi:10.1038/366704a0
- ↑ a b Watanabe H, Pan ZQ, Schreiber-Agus N, DePinho RA, Hurwitz J, Xiong Y (fevereiro de 1998). «Suppression of cell transformation by the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p57KIP2 requires binding to proliferating cell nuclear antigen». Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95 (4): 1392–7. PMC 19016. PMID 9465025. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.4.1392
- ↑ Rountree MR, Bachman KE, Baylin SB (julho de 2000). «DNMT1 binds HDAC2 and a new co-repressor, DMAP1, to form a complex at replication foci». Nat. Genet. 25 (3): 269–77. PMID 10888872. doi:10.1038/77023
- ↑ Iida T, Suetake I, Tajima S, Morioka H, Ohta S, Obuse C, Tsurimoto T (outubro de 2002). «PCNA clamp facilitates action of DNA cytosine methyltransferase 1 on hemimethylated DNA». Genes Cells. 7 (10): 997–1007. PMID 12354094. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2443.2002.00584.x
- ↑ Chuang LS, Ian HI, Koh TW, Ng HH, Xu G, Li BF (setembro de 1997). «Human DNA-(cytosine-5) methyltransferase-PCNA complex as a target for p21WAF1». Science. 277 (5334): 1996–2000. PMID 9302295. doi:10.1126/science.277.5334.1996
- ↑ Hasan S, Hassa PO, Imhof R, Hottiger MO (março de 2001). «Transcription coactivator p300 binds PCNA and may have a role in DNA repair synthesis». Nature. 410 (6826): 387–91. PMID 11268218. doi:10.1038/35066610
- ↑ Henneke G, Koundrioukoff S, Hübscher U (julho de 2003). «Phosphorylation of human Fen1 by cyclin-dependent kinase modulates its role in replication fork regulation». Oncogene. 22 (28): 4301–13. PMID 12853968. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1206606
- ↑ Hasan S, Stucki M, Hassa PO, Imhof R, Gehrig P, Hunziker P, Hübscher U, Hottiger MO (junho de 2001). «Regulation of human flap endonuclease-1 activity by acetylation through the transcriptional coactivator p300». Mol. Cell. 7 (6): 1221–31. PMID 11430825. doi:10.1016/s1097-2765(01)00272-6
- ↑ a b Jónsson ZO, Hindges R, Hübscher U (abril de 1998). «Regulation of DNA replication and repair proteins through interaction with the front side of proliferating cell nuclear antigen». EMBO J. 17 (8): 2412–25. PMC 1170584. PMID 9545252. doi:10.1093/emboj/17.8.2412
- ↑ Gary R, Ludwig DL, Cornelius HL, MacInnes MA, Park MS (setembro de 1997). «The DNA repair endonuclease XPG binds to proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and shares sequence elements with the PCNA-binding regions of FEN-1 and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21». J. Biol. Chem. 272 (39): 24522–9. PMID 9305916. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.39.24522
- ↑ Chen U, Chen S, Saha P, Dutta A (outubro de 1996). «p21Cip1/Waf1 disrupts the recruitment of human Fen1 by proliferating-cell nuclear antigen into the DNA replication complex». Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93 (21): 11597–602. PMC 38103. PMID 8876181. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.21.11597
- ↑ Dianova II, Bohr VA, Dianov GL (outubro de 2001). «Interaction of human AP endonuclease 1 with flap endonuclease 1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen involved in long-patch base excision repair». Biochemistry. 40 (42): 12639–44. PMID 11601988. doi:10.1021/bi011117i
- ↑ a b c Yu P, Huang B, Shen M, Lau C, Chan E, Michel J, Xiong Y, Payan DG, Luo Y (janeiro de 2001). «p15(PAF), a novel PCNA associated factor with increased expression in tumor tissues». Oncogene. 20 (4): 484–9. PMID 11313979. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1204113
- ↑ Smith ML, Chen IT, Zhan Q, Bae I, Chen CY, Gilmer TM, Kastan MB, O'Connor PM, Fornace AJ (novembro de 1994). «Interaction of the p53-regulated protein Gadd45 with proliferating cell nuclear antigen». Science. 266 (5189): 1376–80. PMID 7973727. doi:10.1126/science.7973727
- ↑ Chen IT, Smith ML, O'Connor PM, Fornace AJ (novembro de 1995). «Direct interaction of Gadd45 with PCNA and evidence for competitive interaction of Gadd45 and p21Waf1/Cip1 with PCNA». Oncogene. 11 (10): 1931–7. PMID 7478510
- ↑ Vairapandi M, Azam N, Balliet AG, Hoffman B, Liebermann DA (junho de 2000). «Characterization of MyD118, Gadd45, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) interacting domains. PCNA impedes MyD118 AND Gadd45-mediated negative growth control». J. Biol. Chem. 275 (22): 16810–9. PMID 10828065. doi:10.1074/jbc.275.22.16810
- ↑ Hall PA, Kearsey JM, Coates PJ, Norman DG, Warbrick E, Cox LS (junho de 1995). «Characterisation of the interaction between PCNA and Gadd45». Oncogene. 10 (12): 2427–33. PMID 7784094
- ↑ Yang Q, Manicone A, Coursen JD, Linke SP, Nagashima M, Forgues M, Wang XW (novembro de 2000). «Identification of a functional domain in a GADD45-mediated G2/M checkpoint». J. Biol. Chem. 275 (47): 36892–8. PMID 10973963. doi:10.1074/jbc.M005319200
- ↑ Azam N, Vairapandi M, Zhang W, Hoffman B, Liebermann DA (janeiro de 2001). «Interaction of CR6 (GADD45gamma ) with proliferating cell nuclear antigen impedes negative growth control». J. Biol. Chem. 276 (4): 2766–74. PMID 11022036. doi:10.1074/jbc.M005626200
- ↑ Nakayama K, Hara T, Hibi M, Hirano T, Miyajima A (agosto de 1999). «A novel oncostatin M-inducible gene OIG37 forms a gene family with MyD118 and GADD45 and negatively regulates cell growth». J. Biol. Chem. 274 (35): 24766–72. PMID 10455148. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.35.24766
- ↑ Milutinovic S, Zhuang Q, Szyf M (junho de 2002). «Proliferating cell nuclear antigen associates with histone deacetylase activity, integrating DNA replication and chromatin modification». J. Biol. Chem. 277 (23): 20974–8. PMID 11929879. doi:10.1074/jbc.M202504200
- ↑ Komatsu K, Wharton W, Hang H, Wu C, Singh S, Lieberman HB, Pledger WJ, Wang HG (novembro de 2000). «PCNA interacts with hHus1/hRad9 in response to DNA damage and replication inhibition». Oncogene. 19 (46): 5291–7. PMID 11077446. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1203901
- ↑ Scott M, Bonnefin P, Vieyra D, Boisvert FM, Young D, Bazett-Jones DP, Riabowol K (outubro de 2001). «UV-induced binding of ING1 to PCNA regulates the induction of apoptosis». J. Cell. Sci. 114 (Pt 19): 3455–62. PMID 11682605
- ↑ He H, Tan CK, Downey KM, So AG (outubro de 2001). «A tumor necrosis factor alpha- and interleukin 6-inducible protein that interacts with the small subunit of DNA polymerase delta and proliferating cell nuclear antigen». Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98 (21): 11979–84. PMC 59753. PMID 11593007. doi:10.1073/pnas.221452098
- ↑ a b Balajee AS, Geard CR (março de 2001). «Chromatin-bound PCNA complex formation triggered by DNA damage occurs independent of the ATM gene product in human cells». Nucleic Acids Res. 29 (6): 1341–51. PMC 29758. PMID 11239001. doi:10.1093/nar/29.6.1341
- ↑ Matheos D, Ruiz MT, Price GB, Zannis-Hadjopoulos M (outubro de 2002). «Ku antigen, an origin-specific binding protein that associates with replication proteins, is required for mammalian DNA replication». Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1578 (1-3): 59–72. PMID 12393188. doi:10.1016/s0167-4781(02)00497-9
- ↑ Fujise K, Zhang D, Liu J, Yeh ET (dezembro de 2000). «Regulation of apoptosis and cell cycle progression by MCL1. Differential role of proliferating cell nuclear antigen». J. Biol. Chem. 275 (50): 39458–65. PMID 10978339. doi:10.1074/jbc.M006626200
- ↑ a b Kleczkowska HE, Marra G, Lettieri T, Jiricny J (março de 2001). «hMSH3 and hMSH6 interact with PCNA and colocalize with it to replication foci». Genes Dev. 15 (6): 724–36. PMC 312660. PMID 11274057. doi:10.1101/gad.191201
- ↑ a b Clark AB, Valle F, Drotschmann K, Gary RK, Kunkel TA (novembro de 2000). «Functional interaction of proliferating cell nuclear antigen with MSH2-MSH6 and MSH2-MSH3 complexes». J. Biol. Chem. 275 (47): 36498–501. PMID 11005803. doi:10.1074/jbc.C000513200
- ↑ Parker A, Gu Y, Mahoney W, Lee SH, Singh KK, Lu AL (fevereiro de 2001). «Human homolog of the MutY repair protein (hMYH) physically interacts with proteins involved in long patch DNA base excision repair». J. Biol. Chem. 276 (8): 5547–55. PMID 11092888. doi:10.1074/jbc.M008463200
- ↑ a b Fotedar R, Mossi R, Fitzgerald P, Rousselle T, Maga G, Brickner H, Messier H, Kasibhatla S, Hübscher U, Fotedar A (agosto de 1996). «A conserved domain of the large subunit of replication factor C binds PCNA and acts like a dominant negative inhibitor of DNA replication in mammalian cells». EMBO J. 15 (16): 4423–33. PMC 452166. PMID 8861969
- ↑ Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, Hirozane-Kishikawa T, Dricot A, Li N, Berriz GF, Gibbons FD, Dreze M, Ayivi-Guedehoussou N, Klitgord N, Simon C, Boxem M, Milstein S, Rosenberg J, Goldberg DS, Zhang LV, Wong SL, Franklin G, Li S, Albala JS, Lim J, Fraughton C, Llamosas E, Cevik S, Bex C, Lamesch P, Sikorski RS, Vandenhaute J, Zoghbi HY, Smolyar A, Bosak S, Sequerra R, Doucette-Stamm L, Cusick ME, Hill DE, Roth FP, Vidal M (outubro de 2005). «Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network». Nature. 437 (7062): 1173–8. PMID 16189514. doi:10.1038/nature04209
- ↑ Frouin I, Maga G, Denegri M, Riva F, Savio M, Spadari S, Prosperi E, Scovassi AI (outubro de 2003). «Human proliferating cell nuclear antigen, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1, and p21waf1/cip1. A dynamic exchange of partners». J. Biol. Chem. 278 (41): 39265–8. PMID 12930846. doi:10.1074/jbc.C300098200
- ↑ Gulbis JM, Kelman Z, Hurwitz J, O'Donnell M, Kuriyan J (outubro de 1996). «Structure of the C-terminal region of p21(WAF1/CIP1) complexed with human PCNA». Cell. 87 (2): 297–306. PMID 8861913. doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81347-1
- ↑ Touitou R, Richardson J, Bose S, Nakanishi M, Rivett J, Allday MJ (maio de 2001). «A degradation signal located in the C-terminus of p21WAF1/CIP1 is a binding site for the C8 alpha-subunit of the 20S proteasome». EMBO J. 20 (10): 2367–75. PMC 125454. PMID 11350925. doi:10.1093/emboj/20.10.2367
- ↑ Lu X, Tan CK, Zhou JQ, You M, Carastro LM, Downey KM, So AG (julho de 2002). «Direct interaction of proliferating cell nuclear antigen with the small subunit of DNA polymerase delta». J. Biol. Chem. 277 (27): 24340–5. PMID 11986310. doi:10.1074/jbc.M200065200
- ↑ Ducoux M, Urbach S, Baldacci G, Hübscher U, Koundrioukoff S, Christensen J, Hughes P (dezembro de 2001). «Mediation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-dependent DNA replication through a conserved p21(Cip1)-like PCNA-binding motif present in the third subunit of human DNA polymerase delta». J. Biol. Chem. 276 (52): 49258–66. PMID 11595739. doi:10.1074/jbc.M106990200
- ↑ Liu L, Rodriguez-Belmonte EM, Mazloum N, Xie B, Lee MY (março de 2003). «Identification of a novel protein, PDIP38, that interacts with the p50 subunit of DNA polymerase delta and proliferating cell nuclear antigen». J. Biol. Chem. 278 (12): 10041–7. PMID 12522211. doi:10.1074/jbc.M208694200
- ↑ Haracska L, Johnson RE, Unk I, Phillips B, Hurwitz J, Prakash L, Prakash S (novembro de 2001). «Physical and functional interactions of human DNA polymerase eta with PCNA». Mol. Cell. Biol. 21 (21): 7199–206. PMC 99895. PMID 11585903. doi:10.1128/MCB.21.21.7199-7206.2001
- ↑ Haracska L, Unk I, Johnson RE, Phillips BB, Hurwitz J, Prakash L, Prakash S (fevereiro de 2002). «Stimulation of DNA synthesis activity of human DNA polymerase kappa by PCNA». Mol. Cell. Biol. 22 (3): 784–91. PMC 133560. PMID 11784855. doi:10.1128/mcb.22.3.784-791.2002
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- ↑ Shimazaki N, Yoshida K, Kobayashi T, Toji S, Tamai K, Koiwai O (julho de 2002). «Over-expression of human DNA polymerase lambda in E. coli and characterization of the recombinant enzyme». Genes Cells. 7 (7): 639–51. PMID 12081642. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2443.2002.00547.x
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- ↑ Pan ZQ, Chen M, Hurwitz J (janeiro de 1993). «The subunits of activator 1 (replication factor C) carry out multiple functions essential for proliferating-cell nuclear antigen-dependent DNA synthesis». Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90 (1): 6–10. PMC 45588. PMID 8093561. doi:10.1073/pnas.90.1.6
- ↑ Merkle CJ, Karnitz LM, Henry-Sánchez JT, Chen J (agosto de 2003). «Cloning and characterization of hCTF18, hCTF8, and hDCC1. Human homologs of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae complex involved in sister chromatid cohesion establishment». J. Biol. Chem. 278 (32): 30051–6. PMID 12766176. doi:10.1074/jbc.M211591200
- ↑ Motegi A, Liaw HJ, Lee KY, Roest HP, Maas A, Wu X, Moinova H, Markowitz SD, Ding H, Hoeijmakers JH, Myung K (agosto de 2008). «Polyubiquitination of proliferating cell nuclear antigen by HLTF and SHPRH prevents genomic instability from stalled replication forks». Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105 (34): 12411–6. PMC 2518831. PMID 18719106. doi:10.1073/pnas.0805685105
- ↑ Unk I, Hajdú I, Fátyol K, Hurwitz J, Yoon JH, Prakash L, Prakash S, Haracska L (março de 2008). «Human HLTF functions as a ubiquitin ligase for proliferating cell nuclear antigen polyubiquitination». Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105 (10): 3768–73. PMC 2268824. PMID 18316726. doi:10.1073/pnas.0800563105
- ↑ Brun J, Chiu R, Lockhart K, Xiao W, Wouters BG, Gray DA (2008). «hMMS2 serves a redundant role in human PCNA polyubiquitination». BMC Mol. Biol. 9. 24 páginas. PMC 2263069. PMID 18284681. doi:10.1186/1471-2199-9-24
- ↑ Rodríguez-López AM, Jackson DA, Nehlin JO, Iborra F, Warren AV, Cox LS (fevereiro de 2003). «Characterisation of the interaction between WRN, the helicase/exonuclease defective in progeroid Werner's syndrome, and an essential replication factor, PCNA». Mech. Ageing Dev. 124 (2): 167–74. PMID 12633936. doi:10.1016/s0047-6374(02)00131-8
- ↑ Huang S, Beresten S, Li B, Oshima J, Ellis NA, Campisi J (junho de 2000). «Characterization of the human and mouse WRN 3'-->5' exonuclease». Nucleic Acids Res. 28 (12): 2396–405. PMC 102739. PMID 10871373. doi:10.1093/nar/28.12.2396
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Ligações externas
- ANA: Cell cycle related (Mitotic): PCNA type 1 and type 2 Antibody Patterns—Antibody Patterns.com
- Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: P12004 (Proliferating cell nuclear antigen) at the PDBe-KB.}